Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a medical complication of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the salivary and blood levels of oxidative stress markers and an adipokine chemerin, which play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Materials and methods: Study groups (Control (n = 29), GDM (n = 22)) had been assessed clinically healthy oral hygiene, according to the age range between 25 and 40 years, BMI<30 kg/m2, who were non-smokers and who were not having systemic diseases. GDM was diagnosed using a 100 g OGTT. Saliva samples were collected without stimulation between 08.30 and 10.00 a.m.. Chemerin and TrxR levels were measured by ELISA. Malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl and NO levels were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Statistical analysis were performed by Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Student's t test. Results: Blood pressure, BMI, and plasma chemerin, salivary chemerin, fasting glucose, LDL, triglyceride, CRP levels in GDM were not different when compared to Control. There were significant differences between Plasma TrxR and HDL levels. Also, significant differences between salivary TrxR and Malondialdehyde levels were observed in GDM. Conclusion: It was concluded that the optimal cut-off points for oxidative stress parameters and chemerin level can be used to distinguish between healthy pregnant and GDM. (C) 2021 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

Objective: Electromagnetic Field sources which are widely used as part of the operating mechanism occupational exposure occurs with the electricity is generated, distributed or usage in the everyday environment. We aimed to obtain the Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Field exposure profile for dental health workers from electrical devices used in dentistry. Methods: Measurements were performed while appliances under working conditions, 10 cm distance with the device for 6 minutes and for 7 days. The highest measured value in every 10 second was recorded. The mean ± SD of minimum and maximum Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Field for high-speed dental handpiece with LED, low-speed dental handpiece, model-trimming machine, automatic boil-out unit, steam machine, vacuum device, and polishing machine were recorded in milliGauss. Results: The values which obtains from model-trimming machine and polishing machine were remarkable (809.17 ± 37.70 / 975.00 ± 10.27, 649.33 ± 201.37 / 1367.00 ± 32.17, respectively). Conclusion: The results show that periodic Electromagnetic Field exposure measurements should be conducted to obtain more detailed information about workplace exposures and sources. Keywords: Health, electromagnetic field, extremely low-frequency field, exposure, occupational

Objective: To determine the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) aerosols in the immediate environment of dental operators during routine dental treatment and to investigate the reduction in S. aureus colonization using 0.5% hydrogen peroxide/colloidal silver disinfectant were aimed. Materials and Methods: The study was divided into two groups. Sterile distilled water was used in Group A (n = 90 Petri plates). Sterile distilled water with hydrogen peroxide/colloidal silver was used in Group B (n = 90 Petri plates). The plates were set up seperately in two directions on the head phantom corresponding to the 6 and 9 o’clock positions. Three petri plates were placed side by side up to 50 cm, 100 cm and 200 cm distances, and the experimental design were proceeded by contaminating with S. aureus (ATCC 29213). Mann Whitney U test was used for comparing to independent samples. Results: When compared to Group A, S. aureus grown colonies on agar plates in Group B was significantly decreased in directions corresponding to the 6 and 9 o’clock positions to 50 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm distances (p = 0.00). Conclusion: H2O2/Colloidal-Ag can safely be used as a supportive precaution against S. aureus.

Background: The aim of this article was to evaluate the regional frequency, location, and diameter of the lingual foramen in the anterior mandible using a retrospective analysis of clinically obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Two hundred thirty-four regions of the anterior mandible from 76 patients (41 female and 35 male) were exam-ined retrospectively using CBCT for the presence of endosseous bony canals. The study focused on the lingual foramen, measuring both the maximum diameter of the artery and the diameter of the lingual foramen itself. Additionally, distances were measured between the lingual foramen and the alveolar ridge, tooth apex, mandibular border, and mental foramen. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and inde-pendent sample t-tests to determine statistical significance. The distributions of the measured variables were assessed for normality prior to analysis. Normality was confirmed using appropriate statistical tests, such as the Shapiro-Wilk test, and visual inspection methods, including Q-Q plots. Since the data met the assumptions of normality, parametric tests were deemed appropriate for analysis. Consequently, ANOVA and independent sample t-tests were employed to evaluate the differences among groups and the relationships between variables. This approach allows for more robust statistical infer-ences, leveraging the properties of the normal distribution. Results: The diameters of the lingual artery ranged from 0.3 mm to 1.67 mm, with the majority of lingual foramina (47.62%) located in the midline region. Notably, a quintuple canal was identified in the CBCT scans. The highest measurement of the artery diameter was statistical-ly significant (p < 0.01), along with the longest distance between the lingual foramen and the alveolar ridge (p < 0.05), and the shortest distance between the lingual and mental foramen (p < 0.01), all observed on the right side. These findings highlight the anatomical varia-tions and spatial relationships of the lingual artery and foramina, which are crucial for surgical planning in the anterior mandible. Conclusions: The findings regarding the presence, diameter, and prevalence of vascular canals are critical for oral surgery and must be considered when planning any procedures in the anterior mandible. Notably, we report an uncommon case involving a quintuple lingual canal. To prevent potentially life-threatening bleeding during surgical interventions, it is essential to identify these vascular structures using CBCT prior to mandibular surgery. This proactive approach enhances surgical safety and reduces the risk of complications.

Purpose: The aim of this article was to evaluate the regional frequency, location, and diameter of lingual foramen in the anterior mandible using a retrospective analysis of clinically obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: Two hundred thirty-four regions based on CBCT, of the anterior mandible of 76 patients (41 female and 35 male) were examined retrospectively for the presence of endosseous bony canals. The lingual foramen was examined for the measurements of the maximum diameter of the artery and the diameter of the lingual foramen. We measured the distance between the lingual foramen and the alveolar ridge, the tooth apex, the mandibular border, and the mental foramen. Data were analysed using ANOVA and independent sample t-tests. Results: The range of the diameters of the lingual artery varied from 0.3 to 1.67 mm. Most lingual foramina (47.62%) were found in the midline region. The quintuple canal was observed on CBCT scans. The highest measurement of the diameter of the artery (p< .01), the longest distance between lingual foramen (p< .05) and alveolar ridge, and the nearest distance between lingual and mental foramen (p< .01) were found at the right side. Conclusion: The findings related to the presence, diameter, and prevalence of vascular canals, revealed significant results for oral surgery, and should not be ignored when planning any operation in the anterior mandible. We present an uncommon case with a quintuple lingual canal. In order to prevent life-threatening bleeding, it is imperative to detect these vessels with CBCT before mandibular surgery.