Background: This paper aims to outline an ethical overview of the potential challenges related to AI technologies in the doctor–patient relationship. Methods: This study is structured as a narrative review of the literature (2015–2025), based on searches conducted in the main scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar), supplemented by official documents issued by the following international organizations: World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the World Medical Association (WMA), as well as key regulatory frameworks of the European Union, China, and the United States. The selection included academic contributions, guidelines, and institutional reports relevant to the clinical applications of AI and their ethical and regulatory implications. Specifically, the analysis herein presented is grounded on four key aspects: the rationale for AI in patient care, informed consent about AI use, confidentiality, and the impact on the therapeutic alliance and medical professionalism. Results and Conclusions: Depending on their application, AI systems may offer benefits regarding the management of administrative burdens and in supporting clinical decisions. However, their applications in diagnostics, particularly in fields as radiology and dermatology, may also adversely impact the patient–doctor relationship and professional autonomy. Specifically, the implementation of these systems, including generative AI, may lead to increased healthcare costs and jeopardise the patient–doctor relationships by exposing patients’ confidentiality to new risks and reducing space for healthcare empathy and personalisation. The future of the medical profession and the doctor–patient relationship will largely depend on the types of artificial intelligence that are integrated into clinical practice and how effectively such additions are reconciled with core ethical values on which healthcare rests within our systems and societies.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental phase characterised by profound biological, emotional and social changes and these changes make adolescents particularly vulnerable to the emergence of psychiatric disorders. In this context, gender differences in mental health disorders are of increasing clinical interest. Method: We conducted a scoping review of the literature regarding gender differences in psychiatric disorders during adolescence. Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO, were used to identify articles published in English from 2015 until 2025. Twenty-one studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: Ten studies deal with mood disorders, with a focus on gender differences in depression and anxiety during adolescence. Two articles analyse eating disorders, highlighting that girls show higher levels of food restriction and body dissatisfaction. Two studies focus on externalising and neurobehavioural disorders, showing a higher prevalence in boys than in girls. Four articles examine self-harm and suicidal behaviour, where girls report higher rates of suicidal ideation and self-harm. Finally, two studies address personality disorders in adolescence, noting a higher incidence of borderline traits and impulsive behaviour among girls. Conclusions: Research has revealed gender differences in the onset, frequency and factors associated with psychiatric disorders in adolescence. Understanding these differences is essential for developing prevention strategies, early diagnosis and specific interventions.

De Bie et al. argued that the decision “to transfer the fetus to AWT falls under maternal autonomy” while “once the fetonate is being supported by AWT, decision making would become a shared parenta...

The research has the clear objective of highlighting possible psychophysical damage in minors as a result not of physical or sexual violence or physical neglect, but rather as a result of frequent parental quarrels, experienced by the children in a traumatic way (witnessing violence). The inspiration for the present research was provided by a further 20 recent cases observed in the course of as many civil proceedings on the subject of child custody with highly conflicting parental couples. The research shows how witnessed violence can constitute a significant risk factor in the psycho-physical development of the minor and how, as such, it deserves particular attention in the context of prevention and therapy of subjects who have experienced similar events. It follows that "the role of victim", in cases of domestic violence, is not only attributable to those who suffer the violent actions (one of the partners), but also to those (such as children), although not being the object of such violence, he is involved as a witness/observer. The research also deals with secondary and tertiary prevention activities. This paper will consider: Generalities on the subject of witnessing violence; Previous research on the harm resulting from witnessing domestic violence between parents; The most advanced prevention and treatment strategies; The classification of batterers and feminicides in the primary prevention of intra-family violence; The negative effects of witnessing violence in childhood and young adults: from the development of brain morphology to mental and behavioural disorders; Targeted research with encephalic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with VBM (Voxed- Based Morphometry); Further research on the subject of witnessing violence; The substantial difference between PTSD and C-DPTS.