Aim: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelination disease that is seen especially in the young population and has a progressive course, causing motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. In the literature, the pathogenesis of MS disease and the interconnection between the immune and central nervous system in the disease have not been fully revealed. Recent studies indicate that gray matter damage, as well as white matter lesions, are frequently seen in MS patients. Based on this background, the present study aimed to explore whether relapsing–remitting MS patients in the attack phase demonstrate different patterns of functional connectivity compared to those in a stable phase. Material and Method: For this purpose, resting‐state fMRI findings of the attack ( n = 5) and stable ( n = 14) groups were examined. Results: Compared to stable patients, the attack group appeared to show increased functional connectivity in several gray matter structures, including the left fusiform, posterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex, left supramarginal gyrus, thalamus, and precuneus. Conclusion: The findings indicate that patients in the inflammatory phase may exhibit increased activation in distinct gray matter regions relative to those not in the attack phase. This pattern might reflect the development of compensatory functional connections aimed at limiting potential clinical damage during relapse. Moreover, considering the diverse roles of these regions, their involvement could hypothetically be linked to immune‐related processes, a possibility that warrants further investigation in larger cohorts.

Background/Objective: This study aimed to determine the position of the mylohyoid ridge (MR) and lingual concavity (LC) in the mandible and their relationship with the mandibular canal (MC) and submandibular fossa, to provide anatomical guidance for surgical procedures in this region. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 200 adult patients who had undergone imaging for dental treatment. On cross-sectional images at the level between the first and second molar roots, the following measurements were obtained: LC horizontal depth, LC height, LC depth, MR height, MR depth, and the distances from MR to MC (MR–MC) and LC to MC (LC–MC). Results: Mean values were: LC horizontal depth: 3.72 ± 0.90 mm, LC height: 11.74 ± 2.01 mm, LC depth: 12.54 ± 3.03 mm, MR height: 17.66 ± 2.60 mm, MR depth: 6.87 ± 2.38 mm, MR-MC: 8.30 ± 2.00 mm, and LC-MC: 3.72 ± 0.87 mm. All parameters were symmetrical between the right and left sides of the mandible, with no significant sex differences. The positions of the MR and LC were related to each other, and the position of the MC was related to the positions of the LC and MR. There was no correlation between the horizontal depth of the LC and the position of the MR, LC and MC. Conclusions: The vertical positions of the MR and LC are related to each other and MC. Therefore, it can be used as a landmark in implant surgery.