Background and Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is more frequently observed in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of TD in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate its possible impact on glycemic control, comorbidities, and diabetes-related complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 723 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (47.9% female, 52.1% male) were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic information of the patients, comprehensive history including onset and duration of DM and also comorbid diseases, diabetes-related complications, laboratory results, antidiabetic drugs and presence of TD were recorded and analyzed. Results: The prevalence of TD was 21.4% in 723 patients. Dyslipidemia was the most common comorbidity (63.6%). Patients with TD had significantly higher baseline BMI and longer diabetes duration (p = 0.007 and p = 0.048, respectively). Overall complication and comorbidity rates were 80.1% and 66%. TD was more common in females (73.4% vs. 26.6%; p < 0.001). Hypertension (69.5% vs. 58.7%) and neuropathy (40.9% vs. 33.0%) were significantly more frequent in the TD group (p < 0.05 for both). The total comorbidity rate was also higher in TD-positive patients (72.7% vs. 64.1%; p = 0.046). A significant positive correlation was observed between BMI and TSH levels. Conclusions: The increased prevalence of TD in patients with T2DM was clearly demonstrated. Female gender was identified as an independent risk factor, while elevated BMI and longer diabetes duration showed significant associations with TD status. The coexistence of TD and T2DM may contribute to a higher risk of diabetic complications and comorbidities. Routine screening of thyroid function is recommended to enable early identification and improve the overall clinical management.

While the definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 relies on PCR confirmation of the virus, the sensitivity of this technique is limited. The clinicians had to go on with the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in selected cases. We aimed to compare PCR-positive and PCR-negative patients diagnosed as COVID-19 with a specific focus on older adults. We studied 601 hospitalized adults. The demographics, co-morbidities, triage clinical, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes were noted. Differences between the PCR (+) and (−) cases were analyzed. An additional specific analysis focusing on older adults (≥65 years) (n = 184) was performed. The PCR confirmation was present in 359 (59.7 %). There was not any difference in terms of age, sex, travel/contact history, hospitalization duration, ICU need, the time between first symptom/hospitalization to ICU need, ICU days, or survival between PCR-positive and negative cases in the total study group and older adults subgroup. The only symptoms that were different in prevalence between PCR-confirmed and unconfirmed cases were fever (73.3 % vs. 64 %, p = 0.02) and fatigue/myalgia (91.1 % vs. 79.3 %, p = 0.001). Bilateral diffuse pneumonia was also more prevalent in PCR-confirmed cases (20 % vs. 13.3 %, p = 0.03). In older adults, the PCR (−) cases had more prevalent dyspnea (72.2 % vs. 51.4 %, p = 0.004), less prevalent fatigue/myalgia (70.9 % vs. 88.6 %, p = 0.002). The PCR (+) and (−) cases displayed very similar disease phenotypes, courses, and outcomes with few differences between each other. The presence of some worse laboratory findings may indicate a worse immune protective response in PCR (−) cases.

Objectives: Hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported to predispose to infectious complications and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of hypogammaglobulinemia for infectious complications by revealing the frequency, prognostic value in newly diagnosed CLL patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 74 CLL patients. Electronic medical records, as well as patients’ files, were screened to collect the presented data. Risk assessment was performed using current Rai and Binet staging systems. Results: Among 74 patients included in this study, 52 (70.3%) were male and 22 (29.7%) female. The most common chromosomal abnormalities was the 13q deletion (27.0%). Hypogammaglobulinemia was found in 24.3% (n=18) of the patients. The overall survival was 54,1 months. Most patients had advance disase. In our study, the incidence of infection was determined as 13.5% (n=10), and the mortality incidence was 8.1% (n=6). A positive correlation was detected between IgA levels and mean survival time (p=0.022). The mean IgG levels of patients with 17p deletion were found significantly decreased (p=0,015). Furthermore, frequency of infection in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia (33,3% vs. 7,3%; p=0.005) and mortality rate in patients with infection (50,0% vs. 3,8%; p=0.002) were found to be significantly increased. Conclusion: We detected significantly increased infection frequency associated with hypogammaglobulinemia in addition to increased infection-related mortality rates. A significant correlation between increased IgA levels and pro-longed survival was shown. Moreover, significantly decreased IgG levels were found in patients with 17p deletion, which is a well-known poor prognostic factor.

Purpose: The effects of different COVID-19 therapeutic strategies on cardiac function are uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different medical treatments on biventricular function in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed to examine the biventricular myocardial function of patients at follow-up visits after recovery from COVID-19. The patients were divided into two groups based on the medication they used during the active disease: favipiravir (FAV; n = 60) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; n = 60). A comparison was made with risk factor–matched controls (n = 41). Results: A total of 161 patients were included in the study. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, end-diastolic diameter, and end-systolic diameter were higher in the HCQ and FAV groups compared to the controls, while the left ventricular ejection fraction was similar between all the groups. The right ventricular diameter was increased, and the systolic pulmonary artery pressure was higher in the HCQ and FAV groups compared to the controls. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (-18±6.6 vs. -19.7±4.4 vs. -20.4±5, respectively), the right ventricular global longitudinal strain (-19.8±7.5 vs. -22.2±6 vs. -23.4±6.2, respectively), and the right ventricular free wall strain (-16.9±3.6 vs. -18.2±2.4 vs. -19.6±4.7, respectively) were worse in the HCQ group compared to the FAV and control groups. Conclusion: This study found echocardiographic evidence of subclinical cardiac involvement in both the HCQ and FAV groups compared to the controls. However, HCQ treatment was associated with an increased risk of biventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors compared with FAV treatment.

The prognostic relevance of IDH1 mutations remains unclear in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study, representing the first Turkish AML cohort characterized for IDH1 mutations, aimed to determine the frequency of IDH1, FLT3 and NPM1 mutations and to describe the associated clinical characteristics. We retrospectively analyzed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data for 57 AML patients. Bone marrow aspirates were evaluated cytogenetically using G-banding, and molecular mutations were assessed by PCR or NGS (MiSeq-Illumina). IDH1 mutations were detected in 7% of patients; FLT3 and NPM1 mutations were detected in 38.6% and 19.3% of patients, respectively. A significant positive correlation existed between IDH1 and NPM1 mutations (r = 0.388, p = 0.003). Overall mortality was 56.1% and remission was achieved in 43.9%. Older age (p = 0.029) and comorbidities (p = 0.009) were significantly linked to mortality. Mortality was 100% in the four IDH1-mutant patients and significantly higher in NPM1-mutant patients. Overall survival was shorter in IDH1-mutants, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (log-rank p = 0.057). Relapse occurred in 26.3%, rising to 50% in the IDH1-mutated subgroup. In this limited cohort, IDH1-mutant cases were associated with shorter overall survival and higher mortality; however, the small number of IDH1-mutant patients (n = 4) precludes definitive prognostic conclusions. Outcomes in NPM1-mutated patients were also less favorable than typically expected, possibly related to co-occurring IDH1 mutations. These descriptive findings characterize the molecular landscape of AML in an underrepresented Turkish population and may provide a foundation for larger, multicenter studies rather than confirming a prognostic role for these mutations.