Background/Objectives: In patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the first diagnostic analysis is often performed in emergency conditions by Computed Tomography (CT) and multiphase CT angiography (CTA). Nevertheless, once ruptured, an AVM might be hardly recognized by an inexperienced neuroradiologist, due to the presence of hematoma or to the destructuring of the lesion. The aim of our study is to outline the utility of color-coded maps derived from multiphase CT angiography in the assessment of cerebral AVMs, evaluating inter-observer agreement between radiologists with different years’ experience and comparing the results with the gold standard, angiography. Methods: The color-coded maps were obtained retrospectively by multiphase CT angiography on a workstation using FastStroke software ColorViz (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The color-coded maps were evaluated, independently, by two neuroradiologists, and inter-observer agreement was evaluated. Finally, the AVM’s features (arterial feeders, nidus type, venous drainage type) obtained with color-coded maps were compared with angiographic analysis. The Ethical Committee for Research in Medical Imaging approved this study (Institutional Review Board number 6467). Informed consent was obtained for every patient. Results: A total of 26 patients with intracranial hemorrhage and arteriovenous malformation underwent multiphase CT angiography and were analyzed. Our statistical analysis showed the reproducibility of the color-coded maps and agreement with the angiographic findings, especially in the evaluation of venous drainage type. Conclusions: The ColorViz color-coded maps have proved to be an effective tool in the identification and assessment of AVMs, providing rapid and clear information on intracranial vascular dynamics, even for inexperienced radiologists.

Tibial pilon fractures are complex articular injuries that involve the weight-bearing surface of the distal tibia (tibial plafond). They typically result from high-energy axial loading, which drives the talus into the tibial plafond, leading to significant articular comminution and associated soft-tissue damage. While radiography represents the first-line investigation for tibial fractures, CT is indispensable for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. CT provides detailed three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of fracture patterns, articular surface depression, and fragment orientation, which is essential for proper classification and formulating a treatment strategy. Management is challenging and often follows a staged protocol, beginning with temporary external fixation to allow soft-tissue recovery, followed by definitive open reduction and internal fixation. The primary treatment goal is the anatomical restoration of the articular surface. The quality of surgical reduction, as assessed on post-operative radiographs, is a critical prognostic factor for functional outcomes. The primary aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of tibial pilon fractures, encompassing their pathophysiology, relevant clinical anatomy, modern diagnostic imaging techniques, classification systems, principles of treatment, and associated complications.

Objectives: To analyze the added value of Zero Echo Time (ZTE) MRI compared with a standard MRI protocol in detecting osseous alterations in diabetic foot. To compare ZTE performance with CT for detecting osseous abnormalities and to evaluate inter-observer reproducibility using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 46 patients (33 men, 13 women; median age, 64 years) with clinically confirmed diabetes mellitus and clinically suspected diabetic foot complications. A standard MRI protocol including a ZTE sequence was performed in all patients; all patients also underwent CT for comparison. Three readers (two radiologists and one radiology resident) independently assessed image quality and osseous abnormalities, including bone erosions, bone and soft tissue pneumatosis, dislocations, and sclerosis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and inter-observer agreement (Cohen’s κ) were calculated. Results: ZTE demonstrated superior detection in almost all osseous alterations compared with the standard MRI protocol, with the exception of bone exposure and erosions, where performance was comparable. Image quality of ZTE was rated as good to excellent in the majority of examinations. Inter-observer agreement for ZTE was excellent between the two musculoskeletal radiologists and ranged from moderate to excellent between the senior radiologist and the resident. ZTE showed high concordance with CT for detection of bone abnormalities. Conclusion: ZTE significantly improves detection of osseous alterations in diabetic foot, even under suboptimal imaging conditions. Its high image quality and strong inter-reader agreement support integration into standard MRI protocols for improved bone assessment.