Dust is a natural phenomenon, and it represents all the components suspended in the air. Dust causes the photovoltaic performance to deteriorate. The main dust components concentrations vary from one geographic location to another and from one season to another. These components also have different effects on the PV power losses. Therefore, studying the effect of the concentration of each dust component separately can give a greater clarification and detail of how the accumulated dust affects the behavior of the PV module. In this study, the dust accumulated on a photovoltaic cell was collected and analyzed into its basic components. The results showed that most of the dust of Sohar city consists mostly of sand (65%) coming from the Empty Quarter desert adjacent to the Al-Batinah region. Also, volatile building materials such as cement and gypsum have high concentrations in this dust, which are 5.25% and 4.94%, respectively. In addition, high concentrations of ash 4.92%, which is resulting from burning fuels in smelters, power plants, and refineries. The effect of most of the studied dust components was limited on the current of the photovoltaic cell, but their effect was clearer on the cell voltage. As a result, the decrease in power generation was especially evident in the case of ash, cement, and new garment, but the biggest decrease was due to sand. While iron powder and red sand had the least effect on the performance of the photovoltaic cell.

American scientific publishing group

The befalling of natural disasters has been experienced at an alarming level in the last decade due to discharging excessive amounts of CO₂ into the atmosphere. The world needs to decarbonise itself sooner than later. To combat environmental impact and the climate change, several key initiatives were taken by countries like the UK, Japan, Europe, and Canada. That includes decarbonising the power sector entirely by bringing in renewable energy in place of fossil fuel on an agreed timeline. Many countries have committed to zero emission by 2050. However, it will not be easy to depend on 100% of renewable energy grid without renewable energy storage capability to assure grid stability. Therefore, this publication's key fundamental objective is to discuss the most suitable energy storage for energy generated by wind. A review of the available storage methods for renewable energy and specifically for possible storage for wind energy is accomplished. Factors that are needed to be considered for storage selection and the requirements are discussed. Wind farm capacity is one of the essential parameters that could affect selection procedures. It is recommended that detailed calculations be made of available energy and the excess power amount to be stored. However, the article discusses the most viable storage options such as liquid metal batteries grid embedded storage for frequency and voltage stability and produces green Hydrogen from surplus wind energy, especially in Sri Lanka.

The continuous increase in clean energy demand and reduced CO₂ emissions in the UAE and specifically the Emirate of Ajman has put an extreme challenge to the Government. Ajman is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ajman is located along the Arabian Gulf on its West and bordered by the Emirate of Sharjah on its North, South, and East. The government is taking huge steps in including sustainability principles and clean energy in all of its developments. Successful implementation of green architecture law decree No 10 of 2018 effectively is a sign of such an initiative. Renewable energy sources in this country have had two folds of interest in solar and wind. Recent research works supported the feasibility of using wind energy as an alternative clean source of energy. Site-specific and accurate wind speed information is the first step in the process of bankable wind potential and wind Atlas. This study has compared how wind speed and its distribution varies for similar offshore and onshore locations between two different mesoscale data sources. Also, discussed the main environmental characteristics of Ajman that would influence the implementation of a major wind energy project. In addition, the study made a brief critical overview of the major studies undertaken in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on wind resource assessment. Finally, based on the results, the study makes conclusions, recommendations and a way forward for a bankable wind resources assessment in the Emirate of Ajman. This paper would alert the wind energy industry about the consequence of not considering the best error corrected site specific suitable wind resource data along with other environmental characteristics. The study results show that for offshore, there is 2.9 m/s and for Onshore 4.9 m/s variations in wind speed at the same location between ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-5) and NASA Satellite data. Hence It is concluded that error corrected site-specific wind resource assessment is mandatory for assessing the available bankable wind potential since there are considerable variations in wind speed distributions between mesoscale data sets for similar locations. The study also identifies that the Emirate of Ajman has limited space for onshore wind farms; hence the offshore site seems to have good potential that can be utilised for energy generation. However, individual wind turbines can be installed for exploiting the available site-specific onshore wind energy. Finally, the study recommends a way forward for a comprehensive wind resource assessment to help the Emirate of Ajman form a sustainable wind power generation policy.

The increasing debate on sustainable development has raised attention by many global sectors such as policymakers and developers for advanced sustainable cities and the corresponding sustainability impacts on urban transformation. UAE Government has initiated a task to focus on improving air quality, preserving water resources, increasing clean energy, implementing green growth plans, and further enhancing its citizens' quality of life. Ajman is the smallest Emirate and through the The Ajman Municipality and Planning Department has carried out in corporation with the other Governmental authorities started to initiate plans, policies, and initiatives for this purpose. The increase in population, society wellbeing, lifestyle and industrial revolution in the Emirate of Ajman − UAE, resulted in increased challengesinitiated for the Ajman Municipality and Planning Department (AMPD). These challenges align with national and international strategies and goals targeting the urgent environmental, social and economic issues. Therefore, Ajman Municipality has set up a prime aim to embed sustainability through every life aspect and consider sustainability an integral part of its vision and mission. Municipality sustainability performance was enhanced to incorporate sustainability into all activities to ensure wellbeing and happiness and transform the Emirate of Ajman into a sustainable city and its inhabitants blessed with a beautiful, comfortable life. This paper provides an overview of all the challenges and achievements of the Ajman Municipality and Planning Department (AMPD), highlighting the success factors to support initiatives that serve to advance the United Nations' sustainable development agenda. Lessons from the achievements are considered as guidelines for a framework model that can be used for future planning and development.

American scientific publishing group