Based on a comprehensive research method combining a field test and numerical simulation, the dynamic response characteristics of a buried corroded gas pipeline under blasting are deeply explored, the numerical model parameters are verified, and the stress distribution of the pipeline is analyzed. It was found that the stress change of the pipeline is significantly affected by the elastic modulus, thickness, and defect length under the same blasting parameters. Increased elastic modulus and thickness can decrease stress, while increasing defect length can increase stress. Therefore, it is suggested that high-elastic-modulus materials should be given priority in pipeline design and material selection, pipeline thickness should be strictly controlled, and regular inspection and maintenance should be carried out. Especially for pipe sections with long defect length, monitoring and maintenance should be strengthened, and safety assessment and protection measures should be formulated before blasting operation to ensure the safe operation of the corrosive gas pipeline under the action of blasting vibration.