Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops globally. However, its production faces significant challenges due to climate change, reduced arable land, and increased demand. In this context, the present study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) on technological advances in rice production in Latin America. Recognized scientific databases were consulted, and rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to synthesize current knowledge on the subject. The results show that the main innovations include genetically improving varieties with greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses; implementing advanced water management techniques, such as intermittent irrigation; and applying biofertilizers and organic amendments to improve soil fertility. Additionally, precision agriculture tools, such as remote sensing and artificial intelligence-based modeling, have optimized crop monitoring and input efficiency. Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia are the main generators of rice production technologies in the region. Despite the progress made, challenges remain regarding the adoption of these innovations by producers, highlighting the need for comprehensive policies to facilitate technology transfer. This review establishes a foundation for researchers and policymakers interested in the sustainable development of rice production in Latin America.

Introduction. Defoliation studies on sugarcane in Mexico are scarce, and it is unknown at what age of the plant and in which season of the year it should be carried out. Objective. To evaluate the effect of artificial defoliation in sugarcane at different stages of growth and its response on quality and yield parameters. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted during the 2020-2021 harvest between the months of April and May, in a plot located in a ratoon of the cultivar COLPOSCTMEX 06-039, within the supply area of the Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez in the Chontalpa region, Tabasco. A completely randomized block design was used, where the defoliation treatments consisted of removing the entire leaves of the stem until leaving the +5 leaf (H5). Defoliation treatments were applied at 8, 9, and 10 months of crop age, plus a control without defoliation, with five replicates per treatment. Growth parameters evaluated were plant height and diameter, number of stalks, and leaf area index (IAF) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). At harvest, °Brix and sugarcane yields of sugarcane were measured. Results. It was found that growth and quality parameters were reduced by total defoliation treatments. Treatment 2 showed the highest values of plant height and diameter, lower NDVI, and stalk yield at harvest, and defoliation affected the IAF. °Brix were not affected by different defoliation treatments. Conclusion. Defoliation at nine months of age increased agricultural yield and did not affect juice quality.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential global crop. In Mexico, per capita consumption has increased in the last decade, but the country still depends on imports to meet domestic demand. Faced with this challenge, genetic improvement and the selection of varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions are key strategies to increase productivity. There-fore, the productive performance of 36 rice genotypes was evaluated under tropical rainfed conditions in Tabasco, Mexico. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replications was used, where meteorological and agronomic variables of the rice genotypes were measured. A cluster analysis was also performed to detect differences between groups of genotypes. The results indicated significant differences in plant height, number of grains per panicle and grain yield (P < 0.001). Genotypes with higher yield po-tential were identified, highlighting the Gulf genotypes FL-16 and PCT-MADR-682-2L-2-3-3SR-2P, which showed higher yield and resistance to key diseases such as Pyricularia oryzae, white leaf virus, grain spot and bacterial blast. Cluster analysis detected high phenotypic variability with seven main groups. The findings emphasize the importance of genetic diversification and selection of materials adapted to specific envi-ronmental conditions, contributing to the development of strategies to improve rice pro-duction in Mexico.