Increasing work engagement (WE) for worker health and turnover prevention has gained attention recently. Work-family conflict (WFC), which includes Work Interference with Family (WIF) and Family Interference with Work (FIW), is negatively associated with WE. The effects of WIF/FIW on WE are not fully understood. This study examined the longitudinal associations of WIF/FIW on WE by gender and household composition among employees. We conducted web-based surveys in 2020 and 2021, targeting full-time workers of a single private company (N = 3,437). The analysis included 425 respondents who completed two surveys. Multiple regression analyses stratified by gender and household composition were conducted, with WE at 1 year as the dependent variable and baseline WIF/FIW as independent variables. Higher WIF tend to be associated with lower WE (men in single-person households (SP): B = -0.07 [95% CI: -0.27, 0.14]; men in multi-person households (MP): B = -0.01 [95% CI: -0.12, 0.10]; SP women:B = -0.02 [95% CI: -0.31, 0.27]; MP women: B = -0.06 [95% CI: -0.25, 0.14]). The association between FIW and WE tended to be present only for women; higher FIW tend to be associated with lower WE (SP women: B = -0.03 [95% CI: -0.37, 0.30]; MP women: B = -0.06 [95% CI: -0.34, 0.21]). WIF, such as work-related stress, may reduce the energy available for personal activities among all workers. FIW, such as household tasks, may diminish the energy devoted to paid work, particularly among women living with family.

This study analyzed all public X (formerly Twitter) posts in Japan in 2023 and identified a substantial number mentioning ikizurasa (pain of living), with notable fluctuations over time. The findings suggest a link between ikizurasa and stress in minority groups, particularly minority ethnic and gender groups.

UNSTRUCTURED This study analyzed all X posts in 2023 and found a certain number of posts that included the issue of ikizurasa (pain in licing) in Japan, and the number of posts varied depending on the time of year. The results suggest that ikizurasa is associated with minority stress, including ethnicity or sexuality.

Employment and job-hunting can improve well-being by increasing confidence among emerging adults when equal employment opportunities exist for women and men. However, the relationship between well-being, traditional gender role attitudes, and job-hunting among women in emerging adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the interactions between gender role attitudes and job-hunting in relation to the well-being of emerging adult women. An online survey was conducted in five universities and five companies in Japan. The dependent variable was well-being. The explanatory variables were job-hunting experience within the past 6 months and traditional gender role attitudes measured by the gender role stressor scale. Of the 137 women, we analyzed the data from 132 participants with no missing data. Thirty-five (26.5%) participants were employed and had job-hunting experience. Multiple regression analysis showed that job-hunting experiences were negatively associated with well-being. Additionally, gender role attitudes were not associated with well-being. In the interaction between job-hunting experience and gender role attitudes, the more traditional one’s attitude toward gender roles is, the more negative the relationship between job-hunting experience and well-being. Job-hunting may not necessarily lead to well-being for all women, so women’s attitudes toward gender roles should be considered and respected.