Background The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan, which began on April 15, 2023, has severely impacted the nation's health care system, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating new public health challenges. Objective: This rapid review aims to assess the impact of this conflict on health services and evaluate the health consequences for Sudan's population. Methods A rapid review protocol guided the search and defined the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Global Health) were searched for relevant articles from April 2023 to November 2024. Articles focusing on the impact of armed conflict on health care services were included. Data extraction and narrative synthesis were used to report the findings. Results: Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. Key findings include the closure of 70% of healthcare facilities in war-affected states, severe shortages of medical supplies, and significant disruptions in essential health services. This conflict has increased the risk of infectious diseases, malnutrition, and mental health issues. Violations of humanitarian corridors have impeded aid delivery, and the healthcare financing system is strained by reduced government contributions and rising out-of-pocket expenses. The humanitarian crisis has led to increased displacement, with over six million internally displaced persons and 1.57 million refugees in neighboring countries. Conclusion The conflict in Sudan has critically undermined the healthcare system, resulting in severe public health challenges. There is an urgent need for coordinated international intervention to strengthen health systems, ensure essential services, and address the root causes of conflict. Sustainable solutions must focus on immediate relief and long-term resilience, leveraging lessons from other conflict-affected regions to support Sudan’s healthcare recovery and reform.

Telemedicine has transformed obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to synthesize evidence on the adoption, effectiveness, barriers, and technological innovations of telemedicine in OB/GYN across diverse healthcare settings. This scoping review synthesized 63 peer-reviewed studies (2010–2023) using PRISMA-ScR guidelines to map global applications, outcomes, and challenges. Key modalities included synchronous consultations, remote monitoring, AI-assisted triage, tele-supervision, and asynchronous communication. Results demonstrated improved access to routine care and mental health support, with outcomes for low-risk pregnancies comparable to in-person services. Adoption surged >500% during pandemic peaks, stabilizing at 9–12% of services in high-income countries. However, significant disparities persisted: 43% of rural Sub-Saharan clinics lacked stable internet, while socioeconomic, linguistic, and cultural barriers disproportionately affected vulnerable populations (e.g., non-English-speaking, transgender, and refugee patients). Providers reported utility but also screen fatigue (41–68%) and diagnostic uncertainty. Critical barriers included fragmented policies, reimbursement variability, data privacy concerns, and limited evidence from conflict-affected regions. Sustainable integration requires equity-centered design, robust policy frameworks, rigorous longitudinal evaluation, and ethically validated AI to address clinical complexity and systemic gaps.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly positioned as a transformative force in healthcare. The translation of AI from technical validation to real-world clinical impact remains a critical challenge. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on the AI translational pathway in healthcare, focusing on the systemic barriers and facilitators to integration. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore for studies published between 2000 and 2025. We included peer-reviewed original research, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews reporting on AI technical validation, clinical deployment, implementation outcomes, or ethical governance. While AI models consistently demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy (92–98% in radiology) and robust predictive performance (AUC 0.76–0.82 in readmission forecasting), clinical adoption remains limited, with only 15–25% of departments integrating AI tools and approximately 60% of projects failing beyond pilot testing. Key barriers include interoperability limitations affecting over half of implementations, lack of clinician trust in unsupervised systems (35%), and regulatory immaturity, with only 27% of countries establishing AI governance frameworks. Moreover, performance disparities exceeding 10% were identified in 28% of models, alongside a pronounced global divide, as 73% of low-resource health systems lack enabling infrastructure. These findings underscore the need for systemic, trustworthy, and equity-driven AI integration strategies.

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect impoverished populations in tropical regions. Despite their significant health burden, data on NTD prevalence and distribution are limited in many areas, including Khartoum State, Sudan. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of NTDs in Khartoum State, Sudan, to inform targeted control interventions and elimination strategies. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using annual statistical reports from Khartoum State Ministry of Health for 2020 and 2021. Data on the prevalence of NTDs were extracted, focusing on prevalent NTDs in the state. Descriptive statistics summarized NTD prevalence. Time‐series analysis identified trends. Spatial data analysis pinpointed hotspots and clustering of NTD cases. Data consistency and accuracy were ensured. Results: Nine NTDs were prevalent: soil‐transmitted helminthiases (STHs), schistosomiasis, scabies, trachoma, snakebite envenoming, leishmaniasis, taeniasis, mycetoma, and leprosy. STH had the highest prevalence (32.7% in 2020 and 32.9% in 2021), primarily affecting children under 15. Schistosomiasis was the second most prevalent (23.0% in 2020 and 20.9% in 2021), predominantly affecting males aged 5–25. Trachoma prevalence varied across localities. Leprosy showed an increasing detection rate. Conclusion: NTDs pose a significant public health burden in Khartoum State, particularly STH and schistosomiasis. Localized control strategies, improved sanitation, hygiene, access to clean water, and integrated NTD programs are crucial to reduce the NTD burden and improve population health. Continuous surveillance is warranted, especially for leprosy.

Background: The global resurgence of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) represents a critical public health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and a lack of approved pharmacotherapies. Treatment research spans diverse domains, but a comprehensive synthesis of the scope, efficacy, and interrelationships of these approaches is lacking. Objective: To systematically map and synthesize the available evidence on interventions for MUD, including their efficacy, mechanisms, and the overall structure of the research landscape. Methods: Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of 5 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL) from inception to October 2025. We included studies of any design evaluating interventions for MUD in human populations. Results: From 6852 screened records, 62 studies were included. Our synthesis reveals a tripartite intervention landscape: (1) Behavioral interventions, particularly contingency management (CM), demonstrate the most robust efficacy, increasing abstinence rates by 40% to 60%. (2) Pharmacological approaches show promise with combination therapy (naltrexone-bupropion and Wellbutrin), significantly increasing methamphetamine-negative urine samples versus placebo (11.4% vs 5.7%), though effect sizes are generally modest. (3) Neuromodulation, specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, consistently reduces cue-induced craving by 25% to 35%. Critical moderators of treatment response were identified, including the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and high rates of polydrug use (up to 42% in opioid use disorder cohorts), which predicts poorer outcomes. Implementation feasibility and intervention fidelity are critical considerations, particularly for CM and pharmacotherapy adherence. Conclusion: Effective MUD management requires a multimodal, personalized framework. While CM remains a foundational behavioral strategy, advances in combination pharmacotherapy and neuromodulation offer new avenues for targeting core neurobiological deficits. Future research must prioritize integrated treatment platforms, implementation science to scale effective interventions like CM, and personalized strategies informed by genetics and neuroimaging.