Purpose: Through the lens of social exchange theory, this study aims to assess the relationship between proactive personality and innovative work behavior by incorporating the mediating role of work engagement and moderating role of transformational leadership between proactive personality and work engagement.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 259 employees working in Pakistani small-medium enterprises (SMEs). The purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. For hypothesis testing, Preacher and Hayes process macro was employed.Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis verified the distinctiveness of the variables used in this study. The findings show that a proactive personality had a positive influence on innovative work behavior directly and indirectly through work engagement, and transformational leadership positively moderates the relationship between a proactive personality and work engagement in such a way that with high transformational leadership behavior relationship will be strengthened.Originality/value: This study has addressed three research questions that have been left unanswered in the literature. The initial research question is “how proactive personality enhances innovative work behavior?” This study found that proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior. The second research question is “what are the suggested mechanisms for proactive personality to promote innovative work behavior?” This study has proven that a proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior through an important mediating mechanism, namely work engagement. Finally, the third question of the study is “does transformational leadership moderate the relationship between proactive personality and work engagement? The study shows that transformational leadership positively moderates between proactive personality and work engagement.

With the significant growth in Islamic financial products in recent years, the world's first Islamic real estate investment trust (REIT) was established in Malaysia in August 2006, with these REIT portfolios needing to be Shariah compliant. This paper constructs three Malaysian REIT (M‐REIT) series and assesses the significance, risk‐adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of Islamic M‐REITs in a mixed‐asset portfolio in Malaysia over 2006–2008, contrasting this performance with conventional M‐REITs in Malaysia. While the impact of the global financial crisis is evident, Islamic M‐REITs are seen to be a differentiating property investment product from conventional M‐REITs, as well as displaying the defensive characteristics of low‐risk levels and portfolio diversification benefits to those seen by conventional M‐REITs. These differentiating features and portfolio diversification benefits for Islamic M‐REITs were further evident and enhanced in the global financial crisis; reflecting a degree of robustness not seen in most other global REIT markets during the global financial crisis. The ongoing implications for Islamic M‐REITs and Islamic REITs in other global REIT markets are also highlighted.

This informative study explores the elements of housing price in Malaysia and found the price is affected by many factors. This study of great practical significance has shown that house prices are determined by the demand for attributes, not only of the dwelling units themselves, but also of the region in which the units are located. There are many structural, neighborhood and locational attributes that could have brought impacts on house prices (Chin, Chau, & Ng, 2004). Structural characteristics, location-specific factors, and neighbourhood characteristics may define various sub-markets. Sub-markets may be defined by structure type (e.g. single-family detached, row house, town home, and condominium), by structural characteristics (property age housing consumers may have strong preferences for newly constructed properties or for historic properties), or by neighbourhood characteristics (e.g., public education and public safety). Results show that the housing price in Malaysia evidently depends on population, demand and supply, location, physical characteristic, accessibility, developer, cost of material and income. It is also influenced by neighbourhood factors as people nowadays will likely choose a better neighbourhood. These factors determine whether the housing price will be high or low. In summary, the government must take an active role to monitor and take appropriate measures to control property prices.

The mixed nature of industrial and service dimension of a hotel including pure service (room service), stock management service (beverage and vendors product), and in-house processing (Food at the restaurant) crafts are a unique business setting for a hotel. In consequence, it creates a challenging task for monitoring the alignment of the strategic plan of the hotel. Hence, the performance of a hotel needs to be measured through a three-dimensional perspective which covers (i) nature of pure service, (ii) product, and (iii) service-product. The measure of the three-dimensional perspective requires empirically validated hotel-specific performance measurement system. The study reviews experts’ views on performance measurement dimensions for the hotel industry in Sri Lanka based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Performance dimensions identified through literature review evaluated by a panel of experts consists of academics, seniors and middle-level management of hotels, government and travel advisory officials, and opinion leaders. The results of AHP on performance dimensions were re-confirmed by applying Content Validity Ratio (CVR) analysis. The AHP order of performance dimensions begins with Competitiveness followed by Finance, Quality, Innovation, Flexibility, Resource utilization, Environment, and Supplier Performance respective. The CVR on AHP order confirmed 6 dimensions on performance measurement for Sri Lankan hotel industry as final selection leaving out environmental and supplier performance from the list of performance dimensions.

The Nigerian Construction industry through its procurement activities is contributing immensely to the economic development of the country.Nigeriaas a developing nation is still working hard to strengthening the public procurement sector through which public infrastructural facilities are developed. Public Procurement Guidelines are the procedural manual guiding public procurement processes. The guidelines are as provided by the public procurement Act PPA 2007, since then compliance with the guidelines has been facing a lot of obstacles. This paper identified and reviewed three major determinants of compliance with the procurement guidelines to include Familiarity with the procurement guidelines, Fraudulent Practices, and Influencing Projects awards. Thus recommended that, to achieve adequate compliance with the procurement guidelines procurement entities need to create room for awareness through training and workshops. The Bureau of public procurement must also ensure prosecution of procurement offences as part of its mandate. In addition, the National Council of Public Procurement NCPP be established and allow to play its role thus limiting the influences of project awards at the ministry level and at the procurement entity level as well.