Alopecia areata is a persistent autoimmune-mediated disease with a complicated pathophysiology and a prevalence of approximately 2%. The exact pathogenesis is yet to be identified; nevertheless, environmental factors, autoimmune mechanisms and genetic factors among others all contribute to the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of the disease. Even though alopecia areata is frequently self-limiting and recovery can occur on its own, it can cause esthetic challenges that might precipitate psychosocial disorders. This article aims to provide a clinical update on alopecia areata comparing the most important international guidelines, with particular emphasis on current treatment options and comorbidities.

Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare, immune-mediated disorder of the spinal cord characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is widely regarded as safe, isolated reports have suggested a potential temporal association with autoimmune neurological events, including ATM. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman who developed ATM two weeks following administration of the first dose of the HPV vaccine (Cervarix). The clinical presentation included rapid-onset paraparesis, sensory deficits, and sphincter dysfunction. An MRI revealed a T2-hyperintense lesion at the Th10–Th12 level. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated protein levels. The patient underwent corticosteroid therapy, plasmapheresis, and IVIG, followed by a comprehensive, individualized rehabilitation program. This included balance and stability training, Redcord-based neuromuscular activation, electrostimulation, and pelvic floor therapy. Although no causal link between HPV vaccination and ATM has been established, this case emphasizes the importance of considering post-vaccinal autoimmune phenomena. More importantly, it illustrates the critical role of early, targeted rehabilitation—particularly pelvic floor re-education and neuromodulation—in improving outcomes in patients with significant motor and autonomic deficits.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) interpretation in people without diabetes is expanding beyond general glycemic control toward more dynamic metrics, such as Rate of Change (RoC). In this fixed-sequence pilot study conducted in 30 healthy adult females, we evaluated associations between two structured 14-day lifestyle interventions and free-living conditions using standard CGM-derived glycemic variability metrics and a novel framework based on the rate-of-change (RoC) metrics and data clarity using an unblinded Abbott FreeStyle Libre 2 monitoring. The dietary intervention (calorie-tailored low-glycemic index regular meals) were associated with lower time spent in rising (+1 to +2 mg/dL/min) and falling (−2 to −1 mg/dL/min) RoC bins by 4.76 ± 1.87% (complete-case delta, p ≤ 0.0071), whereas the 14-day physical activity intervention showed smaller and less consistent RoC changes (0.41 ± 2.20, p ≥ 0.3549). These findings, despite some major study design limitations, suggest that RoC may be more responsive and sensitive to short-term dietary pattern modifications in normoglycemic women.

This systematically conducted narrative review explores the quality and reliability of dermatology-related information available on YouTube. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Scopus (up to November 2024) identified 8,521 records, of which 25 studies met the inclusion criteria addressing six major dermatologic topics: hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, and Mohs micrographic surgery. Across conditions, YouTube was found to be a popular platform for health information seeking, yet most videos were created by non-medical individuals and exhibited low educational quality based on validated instruments such as DISCERN, JAMA, and the Global Quality Scale. Common issues included incomplete, misleading, or unreferenced information, with misleading content often attracting higher engagement than professional materials. While videos produced by healthcare professionals were generally more accurate, they represented a minority and achieved limited visibility. Despite YouTube’s potential for public health education, current dermatology-related content often fails to meet evidence-based standards. These findings highlight the urgent need for dermatologists and professional organizations to create and promote high-quality, comprehensible, and reliable video content to improve public understanding, counter misinformation, and support informed patient decision-making.