Elena Botti

Ms. Elena Botti

orcid

Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

2Years (2025-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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24 July 2025 in Sensors
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
EBElena Botti
Elena Botti
BJBart Jansen
Bart Jansen
FBFelipe Ballen-Moreno
Felipe Ballen-Moreno
AKAyush K Kapila
Ayush K Kapila
RBRedona Brahimetaj
Redona Brahimetaj
Three-dimensional imaging technologies are increasingly used in breast reconstructive and plastic surgery due to their potential for efficient and accurate preoperative assessment and planning. This study systematically evaluates the accuracy and consistency of six commercially available 3D scanning applications (apps)—Structure Sensor, 3D Scanner App, Heges, Polycam, SureScan, and Kiri—in reconstructing the female torso. To avoid variability introduced by human subjects, a silicone breast mannequin model was scanned, with fiducial markers placed at known anatomical landmarks. Manual distance measurements were obtained using calipers by two independent evaluators and compared to digital measurements extracted from 3D reconstructions in Blender software. Each scan was repeated six times per application to ensure reliability. SureScan demonstrated the lowest mean error (2.9 mm), followed by Structure Sensor (3.0 mm), Heges (3.6 mm), 3D Scanner App (4.4 mm), Kiri (5.0 mm), and Polycam (21.4 mm), which showed the highest error and variability. Even the app using an external depth sensor (Structure Sensor) showed no statistically significant accuracy advantage over those using only the iPad’s built-in camera (except for Polycam), underscoring that software is the primary driver of performance, not hardware (alone). This work provides practical insights for selecting mobile 3D scanning tools in clinical workflows and highlights key limitations, such as scaling errors and alignment artifacts. Future work should include patient-based validation and explore deep learning to enhance reconstruction quality. Ultimately, this study lays the foundation for more accessible and cost-effective 3D imaging in surgical practice, showing that smartphone-based tools can produce clinically useful scans.