Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the medium and large arteries, characterized by lipid accumulation within the arterial wall and a sustained inflammatory milieu, and it remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Glycolysis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are both involved in the initiation and progression of AS in part through effects on endothelial function, platelet activation, lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory microenvironment. This article reviews the roles of NETs and glycolysis in AS, elucidates the mechanisms underlying NETosis, and discusses the association between glycolysis and NETosis. Finally, the article discusses the potential value of glycolytic inhibitors in the treatment of AS, with the aim of providing new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of AS and related cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Polydatin has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects in preclinical studies. Its development is limited by low oral bioavailability, extensive metabolism, and poorly defined tissue exposure. Objectives: This review summarizes the pharmacology and delivery systems of polydatin, distinguishes nano from non-nano formulations, and examines the evidence for improved exposure, tissue delivery, safety, and clinical translation. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through a structured PubMed search and assessed by formulation type, administration route, comparator, and reported endpoints. Results: Delivery strategies include liposomes, polymeric and polysaccharide nanoparticles, lipid-based formulations, inclusion complexes, solid-state systems, hydrogels, local matrices, and targeted systems. Only a few oral formulations have been compared directly with free polydatin using quantitative pharmacokinetic measurements. Many injectable and local studies report release, cellular uptake, fluorescence distribution, or pharmacodynamic effects, but these findings do not by themselves demonstrate improved bioavailability or drug-specific targeting. Evidence on repeat-dose toxicity, immunogenicity, carrier clearance, and manufacturing consistency remains limited. No clinical study of a polydatin nanocarrier was identified. Conclusions: Further development requires appropriate free-polydatin controls, measurement of polydatin and its metabolites, exposure–response analysis, fuller safety assessment, and reproducible product characterization.

Background: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a growing public health challenge. The triglyceride glucose‐waist height ratio (TyG‐WHtR) is a novel index linked to metabolic disorders. This study explores the dose–response relationship between TyG‐WHtR and CMM. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including the 2011 baseline survey and the 2018 follow‐up survey with an average follow‐up duration of 7.0 years, were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models assessed the TyG‐WHtR–CMM relationship, adjusting for covariates. Results: The study enrolled 6674 individuals, and 1140 patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and 5534 patients with non‐cardiometabolic multimorbidity were documented over an average follow‐up duration of 7.0 years. The fourth TyG‐WHtR quartile group (Q4) had the highest CMM risk, with an odds ratio of 1.23 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.20–1.26. The restricted cubic spline regression model showed a nonlinear ( p < 0.001) association between TyG‐WHtR and CMM. Subgroup analyses showed that the positive association between TyG‐WHtR and CMM was evident among females and ex‐smokers. A notable interaction was observed between TyG‐WHtR and variables like age and marital status. Conclusion: TyG‐WHtR is a potential CMM predictor, and maintaining it within a moderate range may help prevent CMM.