Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector globally, comprising freshwater and marine species reared under highly variable farming contexts, ranging from extensive earthen ponds to intensive recirculating and sea‐based systems. Together with growth, production has also intensified, and the welfare of fish farmed in these systems has thus gained increased recognition as an essential contributor to sustainability of aquaculture. Environmental enrichment has emerged as a promising welfare management tool to improve fish welfare and deliver potential production benefits by promoting species‐appropriate behaviour and reducing chronic stress; however, its effective implementation remains highly context dependent. This review synthesises current knowledge on environmental enrichment across five categories: Physical, Sensory, Dietary, Occupational, and Social, to evaluate their potential to produce measurable changes in physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare. Enrichment strategies are further assessed for their practicality and feasibility, identifying areas where enrichment is already integrated into aquaculture and where further innovation is required. To guide implementation, a goal‐oriented framework is proposed that outlines a stepwise process for aligning welfare objectives with appropriate enrichment strategies while considering species, system, and operational contexts. This combined approach reframes environmental enrichment from a peripheral addition to an integrated component of welfare management in aquaculture.

Stunning of farmed fish prior to slaughter is increasingly recognized as a key animal welfare priority, yet uptake remains limited in the EU aquaculture sector. While the effects of different stunning methods on fish welfare are the subject of significant recent research, the effect on aquaculture businesses remains unclear. Therefore, this study assesses the economic feasibility of implementing electrical stunning for four species where it is not currently routine: carp, trout, seabass, and seabream. Using a granular cost model across 17 country–species–system combinations, and cost data from 2018 to 2020, the impact of introducing in-water and dry electrical stunning systems under various cost pass-through and sensitivity scenarios is evaluated. Results show that while stunning increases the production costs, under realistic assumptions, 16 out of 17 segments remain profitable, with the one unprofitable segment already being unprofitable under business-as-usual conditions. Three trout systems even experience cost savings due to reduced labor requirements. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of these findings across plausible increases in operating costs and financing assumptions. Even under a 0% cost pass-through, 16 segments still remain profitable. These results provide timely, policy-relevant evidence to support species-specific welfare legislation, while identifying segments that may require targeted support for compliance.