The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of the major knee ligaments, one which is greatly exposed to injuries. According to the British National Health Society, ACL tears represent around 40% of all knee injuries. The number of ACL injuries has increased rapidly over the past ten years, especially in people from 26–30 years of age. We present a brief background in currently used ACL treatment strategies with a description of surgical reconstruction techniques. According to the well-established method, the PubMed database was then analyzed to scaffold preparation methods and materials. The number of publications and clinical trials over the last almost 30 years were analyzed to determine trends in ACL graft development. Finally, we described selected ACL scaffold development publications of engineering, medical, and business interest. The systematic PubMed database analysis indicated a high interest in collagen for the purpose of ACL graft development, an increased interest in hybrid grafts, a numerical balance in the development of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable grafts, and a low number of clinical trials. The investigation of selected publications indicated that only a few suggest a real possibility of creating healthy tissue. At the same time, many of them focus on specific details and fundamental science. Grafts exhibit a wide range of mechanical properties, mostly because of polymer types and graft morphology. Moreover, most of the research ends at the in vitro stage, using non-certificated polymers, thus requiring a long time before the medical device can be placed on the market. In addition to scientific concerns, official regulations limit the immediate introduction of artificial grafts onto the market.

Background/Objectives: In developed countries, an increasing number of children are participating in sports activities. However, according to current evidence, early sport specialization and overtraining are associated with an increased risk of injuries in youth athletes. Despite the prevailing practice of early sports specialization, there is a paucity of publications summarizing the influence of overtraining on injuries in youth athletes. As a result, the objective of this study was to conduct a review of publications investigating the influence of overtraining on injury prevalence in sport-active children aged between 7 and 14 years. Methods: The review included publications from January 2015 to March 2025 searched via PubMed, Science-Direct, and Scopus. Results: This review examined five publications, across which in three papers, the authors analyzed the influence of training load on the incidence of injuries during a certain period. In one study, the authors retrospectively analyzed whether there is a relationship between training frequency during skeletal growth and femoral neck deformity in adults. The other study was a case report of reactive osteochondromatous lesions of the femoral neck due to youth athlete training. In four publications, the authors reported the negative effects, and in one, no effect of training load on youth athletes. Conclusions: The current evidence suggests a potential association between high training load and elevated injury risk in young athletic populations. Nonetheless, inconsistencies across studies indicate that this relationship is likely multifactorial.

Focal post-traumatic cartilage lesions frequently progress to early osteoarthritis, highlighting the limited regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Compared to native tissue, conventional surgical interventions often produce fibrocartilage with inferior biomechanical properties, representing a persistent therapeutic challenge. This review assessed preclinical studies exploring cartilage repair strategies using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in animal models. MSCs therapies demonstrated superior cartilage regeneration, matrix organization, and integration into the surrounding tissue compared to the control groups. The most efficient source was found to be bone marrow - derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) combined with biodegradable scaffolds, suggesting their potential in tissue engineering applications. Despite methodological heterogeneity across studies - including variations in stem cells sources, implant types, and deliver strategies - cumulative evidence strongly supports the regenerative potential of autologous MSCs for cartilage repair. Current research identifies key knowledge gaps, including the absence of standardized experimental protocols and limited insight into the mechanisms of tissue remodeling and maturation. Collectively, these gaps limit direct clinical translation, highlighting the need for further, standardized studies in large animal models with long-term follow-up (>2 years) to assess integration, functional maturation, and the full regenerative potential of the repair tissue.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign bone tumor that can rarely occur in the sinus tarsi, where its nonspecific symptoms may lead to delayed or incorrect diagnosis. When identified in this location, arthroscopic excision offers a minimally invasive and precise approach for management, although reports of its use remain limited. When OO is suspected in the sinus tarsi, based on clinical findings and confirmed through imaging, arthroscopic resection may be considered. Using standard anterior ankle portals, the surgeon can access and excise the lesion with minimal disruption to surrounding structures. Histological confirmation should be obtained, and thorough debridement of the nidus is essential to prevent recurrence. Arthroscopic excision of osteoid osteoma in the sinus tarsi is a safe and effective technique that facilitates accurate lesion removal while preserving adjacent anatomy. This method serves as a viable alternative to open excision or radio frequency ablation in appropriate cases. Technique Video: video See video under supplementary data.