This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices contributing to advances in the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by exploring the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding sleep stages and associated changes in physiological variables. The review then moves on to an analysis of specific cutting-edge devices and technologies, with an emphasis on their practical applications, user comfort, and accuracy. Attention is also given to the ability of these devices to predict neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The paper highlights the integration of hardware innovations, targeted sleep parameters, and partially advanced algorithms, illustrating how these elements converge to provide reliable sleep health information. By bridging the gap between clinical diagnosis and real-world applicability, this review aims to elucidate the role of modern sleep monitoring tools in improving personalised healthcare and proactive disease management.

This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices, moving towards the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by examining the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical foundation for understanding sleep stages and associated changes in physiological variables. The review then moves on to analyse specific cutting-edge devices and technologies, emphasizing their practical applications, user comfort, and accuracy. Attention is also given to the ability of these devices to predict neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The paper highlights the integration of hardware innovations, targeted sleep parameters, and partially advanced algorithms, illustrating how these elements converge to provide reliable information on sleep health status. By bridging the gap between clinical diagnosis and real-world applicability, this review aims to clarify the role of modern sleep monitoring tools in improving personalized healthcare and proactive disease management.