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Microbial contamination of water in the form of highly-resistant bacterial spores can cause a long-term risk of waterborne disease. Advanced photocatalysis has become an effective approach to inactivate bacterial spores due to its potential for efficient solar energy conversion alongside reduced formation of disinfection by-products. However, the overall efficiency of the process still requires significant improvements. Here, we proposed and evaluated a novel visible light photocatalytic water disinfection technology by its close coupling with micro/nano bubbles (MNBs). The inactivation rate constant of Bacillus subtilis spores reached 1.28 h−1, which was 5.6 times higher than that observed for treatment without MNBs. The superior performance for the progressive destruction of spores’ cells during the treatment was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra determination. Experiments using scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) revealed that H2O2 and •OH were the primary active species responsible for the inactivation of spores. The effective supply of oxygen from air MNBs helped accelerate the hole oxidation of H2O2 on the photocatalyst (i.e. Ag/TiO2). In addition, the interfacial photoelectric effect from the MNBs was also confirmed to contribute to the spore inactivation. Specifically, MNBs induced strong light scattering, consequently increasing the optical path length in the photocatalysis medium by 54.8% at 700nm and enhancing light adsorption of the photocatalyst. The non-uniformities in dielectricity led to a high-degree of heterogeneity of the electric field, which triggered the formation of a region of enhanced light intensity which ultimately promoted the photocatalytic reaction. Overall, this study provided new insights on the mechanisms of photocatalysis coupled with MNB technology for advanced water treatment.
Wei Fan; Jingyu Cui; Qi Li; Yang Huo; Dan Xiao; Xia Yang; HongBin Yu; Chunliang Wang; Peter Jarvis; Tao Lyu; Mingxin Huo. Bactericidal efficiency and photochemical mechanisms of micro/nano bubble–enhanced visible light photocatalytic water disinfection. Water Research 2021, 203, 117531 .
AMA StyleWei Fan, Jingyu Cui, Qi Li, Yang Huo, Dan Xiao, Xia Yang, HongBin Yu, Chunliang Wang, Peter Jarvis, Tao Lyu, Mingxin Huo. Bactericidal efficiency and photochemical mechanisms of micro/nano bubble–enhanced visible light photocatalytic water disinfection. Water Research. 2021; 203 ():117531.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Fan; Jingyu Cui; Qi Li; Yang Huo; Dan Xiao; Xia Yang; HongBin Yu; Chunliang Wang; Peter Jarvis; Tao Lyu; Mingxin Huo. 2021. "Bactericidal efficiency and photochemical mechanisms of micro/nano bubble–enhanced visible light photocatalytic water disinfection." Water Research 203, no. : 117531.
Ozone (O3) has been widely used for the elimination of recalcitrant micropollutants in aqueous environments, due to its strong oxidation ability. However, the utilization efficiency of O3 is constrained by its low solubility and short half-life during the treatment process. Herein, an integrated approach, using nanobubble technology and micro-environmental chemistry within cyclodextrin inclusion cavities, was studied in order to enhance the reactivity of ozonisation. Compared with traditional macrobubble aeration with O3 in water, nanobubble aeration achieved 1.7 times higher solubility of O3, and increased the mass transfer coefficient 4.7 times. Moreover, the addition of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) further increased the stability of O3 through formation of an inclusion complex in its molecule-specific cavity. At a HPβCD:O3 molar ratio of 10:1, the lifespan of O3 reached 18 times longer than in a HPβCD-free O3 solution. Such approach accelerated the removal efficiency of the model micropollutant, 4-chlorophenol by 6.9 times, compared with conventional macrobubble ozonation. Examination of the HPβCD inclusion complex by UV–visible spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analyses revealed that both O3 and 4-chlorophenol entered the HPβCD cavity, and Benesi-Hildebrand plots indicated a 1:1 stoichiometry of the host and guest compounds. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted in order to confirm the formation of a ternary complex of HPβCD:4-chlorophenol:O3 and to determine the optimal inclusion mode. With these results, our study highlights the viability of the proposed integrated approach to enhance the ozonation of organic micropollutants.
Wei Fan; Wengang An; Mingxin Huo; Dan Xiao; Tao Lyu; Jingyu Cui. An integrated approach using ozone nanobubble and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation to enhance the removal of micropollutants. Water Research 2021, 196, 117039 .
AMA StyleWei Fan, Wengang An, Mingxin Huo, Dan Xiao, Tao Lyu, Jingyu Cui. An integrated approach using ozone nanobubble and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation to enhance the removal of micropollutants. Water Research. 2021; 196 ():117039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Fan; Wengang An; Mingxin Huo; Dan Xiao; Tao Lyu; Jingyu Cui. 2021. "An integrated approach using ozone nanobubble and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation to enhance the removal of micropollutants." Water Research 196, no. : 117039.
This study developed a nano-magnetite-modified biochar material (m-biochar) using a simple and rapid in situ synthesis method via microwave treatment, and systematically investigated the removal capability and mechanism of chromium (VI) by this m-biochar from contaminated groundwater. The m-biochar was fabricated from reed residues and magnetically modified by nano-Fe3O4. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterisations confirmed the successful doping of nano-Fe3O4 on the biochar with an improved porous structure. The synthesised m-biochar exhibited significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity of 9.92 mg/g compared with that (8.03 mg/g) of the pristine biochar. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model, which indicated that the overall adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was governed by the processes of chemical adsorption, liquid film diffusion and intramolecular diffusion. The increasing of the pH from 3 to 11 significantly affected the Cr(VI) adsorption, where the capabilities decreased from 9.92 mg/g to 0.435 mg/g and 8.03 mg/g to 0.095 mg/g for the m-biochar and pristine biochar, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(VI) by m-biochar were evaluated and confirmed to include the pathways of electrostatic adsorption, reduction and complexation. This study highlighted an effective synthesis method to prepare a superior Cr(VI) adsorbent, which could contribute to the effective remediation of heavy metal contaminations in the groundwater.
XiaoMing Song; Yuewen Zhang; Nan Cao; Dong Sun; Zhipeng Zhang; Yunlong Wang; Yujuan Wen; Yuesuo Yang; Tao Lyu. Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis. Molecules 2020, 26, 103 .
AMA StyleXiaoMing Song, Yuewen Zhang, Nan Cao, Dong Sun, Zhipeng Zhang, Yunlong Wang, Yujuan Wen, Yuesuo Yang, Tao Lyu. Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis. Molecules. 2020; 26 (1):103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoMing Song; Yuewen Zhang; Nan Cao; Dong Sun; Zhipeng Zhang; Yunlong Wang; Yujuan Wen; Yuesuo Yang; Tao Lyu. 2020. "Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis." Molecules 26, no. 1: 103.
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater poses huge environmental threats, even at trace concentrations, and novel approaches are urged due to the inefficiencies of conventional wastewater treatment plants, especially when processing contaminants at high concentrations. Meanwhile, another widespread problem in the aquatic domain is the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) which cause serious damage to the ecosystem, but have rarely been investigated for possible valorization. This study investigated the possibilities, mechanisms, and effects of toxin release of using a harmful cyanobacterial species, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), in order to remove the widely used drug, tetracycline, at high concentration. The results were compared with the performance obtained by the use of the hitherto generally-selected chlorophyte alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) for tetracycline concentrations of 10-100 mg L−1. M. aeruginosa exhibited a much more effective and rapid tetracycline removal (over 98.0% removal in 2 days) than did C. pyrenoidosa (36.7%-93.9% in 2 days). A comprehensive kinetic investigation into probable removal pathways indicated that, theoretically, bio-remediation dominated the process by M. aeruginosa (71.6%), while only accounting for 20.5% by C. pyrenoidosa. Both microalgae promoted the hydrolysis of tetracycline under conditions of increased pH and inhibited abiotic photolytic reactions by the shading effect to the water column, when compared with control experiments. Although identical degradation by-products were identified from treatments by both microalgal species, distinct by-products were also confirmed, unique to each treatment. Moreover, the growth of M. aeruginosa biomass exhibited strong tolerance to tetracycline exposure and released significantly lower levels of microcystin-LR, compared with the control systems. This study supports the possibility of reusing HABs species for the effective remediation of antibiotics at high concentrations. We have further suggested possible mechanisms for remediation and demonstrated control of toxin release.
Minmin Pan; Tao Lyu; Lumeng Zhan; Victor Matamoros; Irini Angelidaki; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. Mitigating antibiotic pollution using cyanobacteria: Removal efficiency, pathways and metabolism. Water Research 2020, 190, 116735 .
AMA StyleMinmin Pan, Tao Lyu, Lumeng Zhan, Victor Matamoros, Irini Angelidaki, Mick Cooper, Gang Pan. Mitigating antibiotic pollution using cyanobacteria: Removal efficiency, pathways and metabolism. Water Research. 2020; 190 ():116735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinmin Pan; Tao Lyu; Lumeng Zhan; Victor Matamoros; Irini Angelidaki; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. 2020. "Mitigating antibiotic pollution using cyanobacteria: Removal efficiency, pathways and metabolism." Water Research 190, no. : 116735.
Nanobubble technology, as an emerging and sustainable approach, has been used for remediation of eutrophication. However, the influence of nanobubbles on the restoration of aquatic vegetation and the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effect of nanobubbles at different concentrations on the growth of Iris pseudacorus (Iris) and Echinodorus amazonicus (Echinodorus) was investigated. The results demonstrated that nanobubbles can enhance the delivery of oxygen to plants, while appropriate nanobubble levels will promote plant growth, excess nanobubbles could inhibit plant growth and photosynthesis. The nanobubble concentration thresholds for this switch from growth promotion to growth inhibition were 3.45 × 107 and 1.23 × 107 particles/mL for Iris and Echinodorus, respectively. Below the threshold, an increase in nanobubble concentration enhanced plant aerobic respiration and ROS generations in plants, resulting in superior plant growth. However, above the threshold, high nanobubble concentrations induced hyperoxia stress, particularly in submergent plants, which result in collapse of the antioxidant system and the inhibition of plant physiological activity. The expression of genes involved in modulating redox potential and the oxidative stress response, as well as the generation of relevant hormones, were also altered. Overall, this study provides an evidence-based strategy to guide the future application of nanobubble technology for sustainable management of natural waters.
Shuo Wang; Yunsi Liu; Tao Lyu; Gang Pan; Pan Li. Aquatic Macrophytes in Morphological and Physiological Responses to the Nanobubble Technology Application for Water Restoration. ACS ES&T Water 2020, 1, 376 -387.
AMA StyleShuo Wang, Yunsi Liu, Tao Lyu, Gang Pan, Pan Li. Aquatic Macrophytes in Morphological and Physiological Responses to the Nanobubble Technology Application for Water Restoration. ACS ES&T Water. 2020; 1 (2):376-387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuo Wang; Yunsi Liu; Tao Lyu; Gang Pan; Pan Li. 2020. "Aquatic Macrophytes in Morphological and Physiological Responses to the Nanobubble Technology Application for Water Restoration." ACS ES&T Water 1, no. 2: 376-387.
Information on the dynamic evolution of humic acid (HA) from anaerobic digestate and the potential of HA serving as an effective agent for remedying heavy metals is rather scarce. This study monitored the evolution of the structure and functional groups and metal-binding abilities of HA during chicken manure and corn stover anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. Higher increases in aromatic (41–66%) and oxygen-containing functional groups (37–45%) were observed in HA from the AD of corn stover, resulting in higher metal-binding abilities for Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) than those of chicken manure AD. Moreover, HA extracted from fast (before day 12 for chicken manure and day 16 for corn stover), and slow (day 40) methane production stages performed different complexation capacities for the heavy metals. These results reveal the mechanisms of HA and heavy metal interactions, and confirm the potential of HA extracted from AD process for the remediation of heavy metals.
Xiqing Wang; Tao Lyu; Renjie Dong; Hongtao Liu; Shubiao Wu. Dynamic evolution of humic acids during anaerobic digestion: Exploring an effective auxiliary agent for heavy metal remediation. Bioresource Technology 2020, 320, 124331 .
AMA StyleXiqing Wang, Tao Lyu, Renjie Dong, Hongtao Liu, Shubiao Wu. Dynamic evolution of humic acids during anaerobic digestion: Exploring an effective auxiliary agent for heavy metal remediation. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 320 ():124331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiqing Wang; Tao Lyu; Renjie Dong; Hongtao Liu; Shubiao Wu. 2020. "Dynamic evolution of humic acids during anaerobic digestion: Exploring an effective auxiliary agent for heavy metal remediation." Bioresource Technology 320, no. : 124331.
Humic acid (HA), a byproduct formed during the biological conversion of organic matter into biogas in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, contains complex structures and redox functions. However, the evolution mechanism of HA and its interaction with CH4 production during the AD process have not been fully explored, particularly with respect to various substrates and temperature conditions. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of the structure and function of genuine HA that naturally formed in the AD processes of chicken manure and corn stover under mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. The results demonstrated that the HA evolution mechanisms in AD of chicken manure and corn stover have different pathways. The AD of core stover showed higher degree of aromaticity (41.2-66.7% and 45.3-68.4% for mesophilic and thermophilic respectively) and humification index (1.5-4.2 and 2.8-4.5 for mesophilic and thermophilic respectively) than those (28.3-45.3% and 30.2-54.5% of aromaticity and 0.6-1.2 and 1.3-3.7 of humification index) in AD of chicken manure. The results from HSQC NMR spectroscopy and 2D-COS-FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated an accelerating effect of the higher temperature on the evolution of HA through humification. Moreover, the concurrent decomposition and re-polymerization of HA during both AD processes, resulting in positive and negative effects on CH4 production in the fast and slow CH4 production stages, respectively. The dynamic interaction was due to variations in the electron transferring ability and structure of the formed HA. The results could not only advance our understanding of the mechanisms of HA evolution and its interaction with the performance of AD process, but also support further research toward improving AD performance by regulating HA formation and transformation.
Xiqing Wang; Atif Muhmood; Tao Lyu; Renjie Dong; Hongtao Liu; Shubiao Wu. Mechanisms of genuine humic acid evolution and its dynamic interaction with methane production in anaerobic digestion processes. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 408, 127322 .
AMA StyleXiqing Wang, Atif Muhmood, Tao Lyu, Renjie Dong, Hongtao Liu, Shubiao Wu. Mechanisms of genuine humic acid evolution and its dynamic interaction with methane production in anaerobic digestion processes. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 408 ():127322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiqing Wang; Atif Muhmood; Tao Lyu; Renjie Dong; Hongtao Liu; Shubiao Wu. 2020. "Mechanisms of genuine humic acid evolution and its dynamic interaction with methane production in anaerobic digestion processes." Chemical Engineering Journal 408, no. : 127322.
Due to the finite stocks of phosphate rock and low phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) of traditional mineral P fertilizers, more sustainable alternatives are desirable. One possibility is to culture microalgae in wastewater to recover the P and then convert the microalgae biomass into slow-release fertilizers through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Therefore, this study aimed to recycle P from wastewater to agricultural field using microalgae and HTC technology. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Microcystis sp. (MS) were cultured in poultry farm wastewater with an initial concentration of 41.3 mg P kg-1. MS removed 88.4% P from the wastewater, which was superior to CV. CV- and MS-derived hydrochars were produced at 200 or 260°C, in solutions using deionized water or 1wt% citric acid. The MS-derived hydrochar using 1 wt% citric acid solution at 260 °C (MSHCA260) recovered the highest amount of P (91.5%) after HTC. The charring promoted the transformation of soluble and exchangeable P into moderately available P (Fe/Al-bound P), and using citric acid solution as feedwater increased the P recovery rate and formation of Fe/Al-bound P. With the abundant moderately available P pool, hydrochar amendment released P more slowly and enhanced the soil P availability more persistently than chemical fertilizer did, which helped to improve PUE. In a wheat-cultivation pot experiment, MSHCA260 treatment improved wheat PUE by 34.4% and yield by 21.6% more than chemical fertilizer did. These results provide a novel sustainable strategy for recycling P from wastewater to crop-soil systems, substituting the mineral P fertilizer, and improving plant PUE.
Qingnan Chu; Tao Lyu; Lihong Xue; Linzhang Yang; Yanfang Feng; Zhimin Sha; Bin Yue; Robert J.G. Mortimer; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. Hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae for phosphorus recycling from wastewater to crop-soil systems as slow-release fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 283, 124627 .
AMA StyleQingnan Chu, Tao Lyu, Lihong Xue, Linzhang Yang, Yanfang Feng, Zhimin Sha, Bin Yue, Robert J.G. Mortimer, Mick Cooper, Gang Pan. Hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae for phosphorus recycling from wastewater to crop-soil systems as slow-release fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 283 ():124627.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQingnan Chu; Tao Lyu; Lihong Xue; Linzhang Yang; Yanfang Feng; Zhimin Sha; Bin Yue; Robert J.G. Mortimer; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. 2020. "Hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae for phosphorus recycling from wastewater to crop-soil systems as slow-release fertilizers." Journal of Cleaner Production 283, no. : 124627.
In this study, we conducted proof-of-concept research towards the simultaneous treatment of livestock wastewater and the generation of high-quality biodiesel, through microalgae technology. Both original (OPE) and anaerobically-digested (DPE) piggery effluents were investigated for the culture of the microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. EJ8-10. After 14 days’ cultivation, the dry biomass from microalgae cultivated in OPE increased from an initial value of 0.01 g/L to 0.33–0.39 g/L, while those growing in DPE only achieved a final dried mass of 0.15–0.35 g/L, under similar initial ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentrations. The significantly higher microalgal biomass production achieved in the OPE medium may have been supported by the abundance of both macronutrient, such as phosphorus (P), and of micronutrients, such as trace elements, present in the OPE, which may not been present in similar quantities in the DPE. However, a higher lipid content was observed (19.4–28%) in microalgal cells from DPE cultures than those (18.7–22.3%) from OPE cultures. Moreover, the fatty acid compositions in the microalgae cultured in DPE contained high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and total C16–C18 acids, which would afford a superior potential for high-quality biodiesel production. The N/P ratio (15.4:1) in OPE was much closer to that indicated by previous studies to be the most suitable (16:1) for microalgae growth, when compared with that determined from the DPE culture medium. This may facilitate protein synthesis in the algal cells and induce a lower accumulation of lipids. Based on these findings, we proposed a new flowsheet for sustainable livestock waste management.
Gang Li; Jiang Zhang; Huan Li; Ruichen Hu; Xiaolong Yao; Ying Liu; Yuguang Zhou; Tao Lyu. Towards high-quality biodiesel production from microalgae using original and anaerobically-digested livestock wastewater. Chemosphere 2020, 273, 128578 .
AMA StyleGang Li, Jiang Zhang, Huan Li, Ruichen Hu, Xiaolong Yao, Ying Liu, Yuguang Zhou, Tao Lyu. Towards high-quality biodiesel production from microalgae using original and anaerobically-digested livestock wastewater. Chemosphere. 2020; 273 ():128578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGang Li; Jiang Zhang; Huan Li; Ruichen Hu; Xiaolong Yao; Ying Liu; Yuguang Zhou; Tao Lyu. 2020. "Towards high-quality biodiesel production from microalgae using original and anaerobically-digested livestock wastewater." Chemosphere 273, no. : 128578.
Critically ill patients with COVID-19 may develop serious respiratory difficulties, causing a significant reduction in blood oxygen saturation pressure. Physical Ventilation of the lungs is one of the main methods to help critically ill patients through the acute phase of infection. During extreme situations when dysfunctional lungs are filled with sticky sputum in the alveolus or when there are simply not enough ventilators to match the need, the mortality rate can be dramatically increased. Here, we propose an intravenous injection method that may increase and maintain the blood oxygen pressure at normal levels. The intravenous (IV) infusion contains oxygen nanobubbles in physiological saline solution (ONPS), in which the dissolved oxygen content can be 2-6 times higher than the normal oxygen solubility in pure water. This makes it possible to oxygenate blood with a small limited volume of IV fluid without the risk of gaseous bubble formation in blood vessels.
Gang Pan; Tao Lyu; John Hunt. An Alternative to Ventilators to Support Critical COVID-19 Patients. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGang Pan, Tao Lyu, John Hunt. An Alternative to Ventilators to Support Critical COVID-19 Patients. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGang Pan; Tao Lyu; John Hunt. 2020. "An Alternative to Ventilators to Support Critical COVID-19 Patients." , no. : 1.
Biogenic phosphorus (P), such as organic P and inorganic pyrophosphates, could substantially contribute towards eutrophication in aquatic systems by internal loading of P from sediment through P species transformation. Previous eutrophication management studies mainly focus on the removal of orthophosphate (Ortho-P), however, an effective approach for biogenic P control from water sources, prior to incorporation in sediment, is still lacking. In this study, a lanthanum/aluminum-hydroxide (LAH) composite was demonstrated to provide both superior removal of Ortho-P and biogenic P, employing myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) and pyrophosphate (Pyro-P) as model compounds. The maximum IHP and Pyro-P adsorption capacities by LAH attained 36.4 and 21.8 mg P g−1, respectively. In order to understand the mechanisms of adsorption, zeta potential, 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) techniques were used to characterize the LAH after adsorption. The results supported the hypothesis that the interaction between LAH and P species was through surface adsorption, by the formation of inner-sphere complexes. Linear combination fitting results of XANES data indicated that IHP and Pyro-P preferentially bonded with La-hydroxide in LAH. This study elucidates the adsorption properties and binding mechanisms of IHP and Pyro-P on lanthanum-bearing compounds at the molecular level, indicating that LAH is a promising material for the control of eutrophication.
Rui Xu; Tao Lyu; Meiyi Zhang; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. Molecular-level investigations of effective biogenic phosphorus adsorption by a lanthanum/aluminum-hydroxide composite. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 725, 138424 .
AMA StyleRui Xu, Tao Lyu, Meiyi Zhang, Mick Cooper, Gang Pan. Molecular-level investigations of effective biogenic phosphorus adsorption by a lanthanum/aluminum-hydroxide composite. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 725 ():138424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui Xu; Tao Lyu; Meiyi Zhang; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. 2020. "Molecular-level investigations of effective biogenic phosphorus adsorption by a lanthanum/aluminum-hydroxide composite." Science of The Total Environment 725, no. : 138424.
Eutrophication has become one of the major environmental issues of global concern due to the adverse effects on water quality, public health and ecosystem sustainability. Fundamental research on the restoration of eutrophic freshwaters, i.e., lakes and rivers, is crucial to support further evidence-based practical implementations. This Special Issue successfully brings together recent research findings from scientists in this field and assembles contributions on lake and river restoration. The 12 published papers can be classified into, and contribute to, three major aspects of this topic. Firstly, a background investigation into the migration of nutrients, and the characteristics of submerged biota, will guide and assist the understanding of the mechanisms of future restoration. Secondly, various restoration strategies, including control of both external and internal nutrients loading, are studied and evaluated. Thirdly, an evaluation of the field sites after restoration treatment is reported in order to support the selection of appropriate restoration approaches. This paper focuses on the current environmental issues related to lake and river restoration and has conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in order to emphasise the fast-growing attention being paid to the research topic. The research questions and main conclusions from all papers are summarised to focus the attention toward how the presented studies aid gains in scientific knowledge, engineering experience and support for policymakers.
Tao Lyu; Lirong Song; Qiuwen Chen; Gang Pan. Lake and River Restoration: Method, Evaluation and Management. Water 2020, 12, 977 .
AMA StyleTao Lyu, Lirong Song, Qiuwen Chen, Gang Pan. Lake and River Restoration: Method, Evaluation and Management. Water. 2020; 12 (4):977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Lyu; Lirong Song; Qiuwen Chen; Gang Pan. 2020. "Lake and River Restoration: Method, Evaluation and Management." Water 12, no. 4: 977.
In eutrophication management, many phosphorus (P) adsorbents have been developed to capture P at the laboratory scale. Existing P removal practice in freshwaters is limited due to the lack of assessment of the possibility and feasibility of controlling P level towards a very low level (such as 10 μg/L) in order to prevent the harmful algal blooms. In this study, a combined external and internal P control approach was evaluated in a simulated pilot-scale river–lake system. In total, 0.8 m3 of simulated river water was continuously supplied to be initially treated by a P adsorption column filled with a granulated lanthanum/aluminium hydroxide composite (LAH) P adsorbent. At the outlet of the column (i.e., inlet of the receiving tanks), the P concentration decreased from 230 to 20 µg/L at a flow rate of 57 L/day with a hydraulic loading rate of 45 m/day. In the receiving tanks (simulated lake), 90 g of the same adsorbent material was added into 1 m3 water for further in situ treatment, which reduced and maintained the P concentration at 10 µg/L for 5 days. The synergy of external and internal P recapture was demonstrated to be an effective strategy for maintaining the P concentration below 10 µg/L under low levels of P water input. The P removal was not significantly affected by temperature (5–30 °C), and the treatment did not substantially alter the water pH. Along with the superior P adsorption capacity, less usage of LAH could lead to reduced cost for potation eutrophication control compared with other widely used P adsorbents.
Minmin Pan; Tao Lyu; Meiyi Zhang; Honggang Zhang; Lei Bi; Lei Wang; Jun Chen; Chongchao Yao; Jafar Ali; Samantha Best; Nicholas Ray; Gang Pan. Synergistic Recapturing of External and Internal Phosphorus for In Situ Eutrophication Mitigation. Water 2019, 12, 2 .
AMA StyleMinmin Pan, Tao Lyu, Meiyi Zhang, Honggang Zhang, Lei Bi, Lei Wang, Jun Chen, Chongchao Yao, Jafar Ali, Samantha Best, Nicholas Ray, Gang Pan. Synergistic Recapturing of External and Internal Phosphorus for In Situ Eutrophication Mitigation. Water. 2019; 12 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinmin Pan; Tao Lyu; Meiyi Zhang; Honggang Zhang; Lei Bi; Lei Wang; Jun Chen; Chongchao Yao; Jafar Ali; Samantha Best; Nicholas Ray; Gang Pan. 2019. "Synergistic Recapturing of External and Internal Phosphorus for In Situ Eutrophication Mitigation." Water 12, no. 1: 2.
A major challenge for effective decontamination of arsenate from aqueous solution is the development of adsorbent possessing enormous high-active sites with strong affinity to realize both high adsorption capacity and reduction of arsenate down to permissive levels. Here we demonstrate that this challenge may be overcome by doping Mn atoms into La2O2CO3 materials. The synthesized material (5.26%-MnL) achieved an arsenate capture ability superior to most other currently-reported adsorbents, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg/g. Additionally, this novel adsorbent could dramatically reduce the concentration of arsenate from 3775 μg/L to less than 4 μg/L, well below the acceptable value for drinking water (10 μg/L). The adsorption capacity of 5.26%-MnL was demonstrated to be >300 mg/g over a wide pH range from 4 to 9 and the efficiency was maintained >85% even after three cycles of adsorption/desorption. Through a series of characterizations, both surface complexation and ion exchange were proved to contribute to arsenate removal at low molar ratios of As(V)/5.26%-MnL while forming LaAsO4 precipitation played a greater role at higher As(V)/5.26%-MnL ratios. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggested that Mn atoms acted as active species by not only increasing lattice defects and adsorption sites, but also by activating La3+ in La2O2CO3, which lowered the adsorption energy and facilitated arsenate removal. Due to the high affinity and superior adsorption capacity towards arsenate, Mn-doped La2O2CO3 has been demonstrated to be a promising prospect for the remediation of arsenate-polluted water.
Jing Su; Tao Lyu; Hao Yi; Lei Bi; Gang Pan. Superior arsenate adsorption and comprehensive investigation of adsorption mechanism on novel Mn-doped La2O2CO3 composites. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 391, 123623 .
AMA StyleJing Su, Tao Lyu, Hao Yi, Lei Bi, Gang Pan. Superior arsenate adsorption and comprehensive investigation of adsorption mechanism on novel Mn-doped La2O2CO3 composites. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 391 ():123623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Su; Tao Lyu; Hao Yi; Lei Bi; Gang Pan. 2019. "Superior arsenate adsorption and comprehensive investigation of adsorption mechanism on novel Mn-doped La2O2CO3 composites." Chemical Engineering Journal 391, no. : 123623.
Graphitic carbon nitride, as a popular material in the field of environmental remediation, still suffers from unsatisfactory performance for heavy metals adsorption owing to lack of specific adsorption sites. In this study, molybdenum (Mo) and sulphur (S) were simultaneously introduced onto the surface of oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (OCN) for the enhancement of Cd2+ adsorption. The synthesized MOS/OCN-1 exhibited substantially increased maximum adsorption capacity of 293.8 mg/g, calculated from Sips isotherm model, which was 8.7 times higher than that for pristine OCN (33.9 mg/g). The adsorption efficiency of MOS/OCN-1 was >94% even under high concentration of coexisting ions (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+). MoO3 and MoS2 on the surface of OCN were proven to interact with Cd2+ by forming CdMoO4 and CdS species. OCN provided a stable matrix with a large surface area making more active sites exposed, which greatly facilitated Mo(IV) oxidation and Cd2+ precipitation. Our findings revealed that as well as the well-known Cd-S interaction, Mo atoms in the hybrid composites also played an important role in Cd2+ removal, which opened up the application possibility of OCN with Mo and S hybridization for in-situ Cd2+ remediation.
Jing Su; Lei Bi; Chen Wang; Tao Lyu; Gang Pan. Enhancement of cadmium removal by oxygen-doped carbon nitride with molybdenum and sulphur hybridization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2019, 556, 606 -615.
AMA StyleJing Su, Lei Bi, Chen Wang, Tao Lyu, Gang Pan. Enhancement of cadmium removal by oxygen-doped carbon nitride with molybdenum and sulphur hybridization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2019; 556 ():606-615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Su; Lei Bi; Chen Wang; Tao Lyu; Gang Pan. 2019. "Enhancement of cadmium removal by oxygen-doped carbon nitride with molybdenum and sulphur hybridization." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 556, no. : 606-615.
Sulfur-containing materials are very attractive for the efficient decontamination of some heavy metals. However, the effective and irreversible removal of Cd2+, coupled with a high uptake efficiency, remains a great challenge due to the relatively low bond dissociation energy of CdS. Herein, we propose a new strategy to overcome this challenge, by the formation of Cd2+ into a stable ZnxCd1-xS solid solution, rather than into CdS. This can be realised through the adsorption of Cd2+ by ZnS nanoparticles, which have exhibited a Cd2+ uptake capacity of approximate 400 mg g-1. Through this adsorption mechanism, the Cd2+ concentration in a contaminated solution could effectively be reduced from 50 ppb to 80% uptake capacity for Cd2+, compared with only 9% uptake capacity for similarly-aged FeS particles. This work reveals a new mechanism for Cd2+ removal with ZnS and establishes a valuable starting point for further studies into the formation of solid solutions for hazardous heavy metal removal applications.
Chen Wang; Hui Yin; Lei Bi; Jing Su; Meiyi Zhang; Tao Lyu; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. Highly efficient and irreversible removal of cadmium through the formation of a solid solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 384, 121461 .
AMA StyleChen Wang, Hui Yin, Lei Bi, Jing Su, Meiyi Zhang, Tao Lyu, Mick Cooper, Gang Pan. Highly efficient and irreversible removal of cadmium through the formation of a solid solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 384 ():121461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen Wang; Hui Yin; Lei Bi; Jing Su; Meiyi Zhang; Tao Lyu; Mick Cooper; Gang Pan. 2019. "Highly efficient and irreversible removal of cadmium through the formation of a solid solution." Journal of Hazardous Materials 384, no. : 121461.
Development of technology to improve the mineralization of organic fertilizer and to enhance crop production is essential to achieve the transition from traditional farming to eco-friendly organic farming. Nanobubble oxygation (NB) was employed to compare with traditional pump aerated oxygation (AW) and a control group through both soil incubation and soil column experiments. Plant-available N and P contents in the NB treatment group were higher than that in the AW and control groups. Enzymatic activities including β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-xylosidase, peroxidase, and phenol oxidase were significantly higher in both oxygation groups compared with the control. The soil microbial biomass, activity, and diversity were also significantly improved due to the oxygation treatment. Additionally, the microbial metabolic functions were shifted in both oxygation treatments compared with the control group. The final tomato yield increase from the NB treatment group was 23%, and that from the AW treatment 17%, compared with the control.
Yuncheng Wu; Tao Lyu; Bin Yue; Elisa Tonoli; Elisabetta A. M. Verderio; Yan Ma; Gang Pan. Enhancement of Tomato Plant Growth and Productivity in Organic Farming by Agri-Nanotechnology Using Nanobubble Oxygation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2019, 67, 10823 -10831.
AMA StyleYuncheng Wu, Tao Lyu, Bin Yue, Elisa Tonoli, Elisabetta A. M. Verderio, Yan Ma, Gang Pan. Enhancement of Tomato Plant Growth and Productivity in Organic Farming by Agri-Nanotechnology Using Nanobubble Oxygation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2019; 67 (39):10823-10831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuncheng Wu; Tao Lyu; Bin Yue; Elisa Tonoli; Elisabetta A. M. Verderio; Yan Ma; Gang Pan. 2019. "Enhancement of Tomato Plant Growth and Productivity in Organic Farming by Agri-Nanotechnology Using Nanobubble Oxygation." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 39: 10823-10831.
The treatment of harmful algal blooms (HABs) by in-situ flocculation is an emerging technology capable of efficiently removing HABs from natural waters. However, differences in salinity, pH and algal species in freshwaters and seawaters can influence the flocculation treatment. In this study, we developed a bicomponent modified soil using amphoteric starch (AS) and poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) in order to effectively flocculate microalgae under broad salinity conditions. Specifically, the impacts of water salinity (0–3.3%), pH (3–11), and algal species (Microcystis aeruginosa and marine Chlorella sp.) were investigated in order to evaluate efficiency, dosage and mechanisms of algae flocculation. The results showed that AS-PAC modified soils possessed excellent resistance to salinity change due to the anti-polyelectrolyte effect of AS, which contributed to 99.9% removal efficiency of M. aeruginosa in fresh and saline waters, and Chlorella sp. in marine water, respectively. The dosage of the flocculant modifier was only 10–20% of that of another proven modifier (i.e. Moringa oleifera), which substantially reduced the material cost. The high salinity tolerance of algal flocculation by the AS-PAC modified soil was attributed to the synergistic processes of charge neutralization and netting-bridging. Thus, this study has developed a universal flocculant and revealed fundamental mechanisms for the mitigation of HABs under broad salinity conditions.
Xiaoguang Jin; Lei Bi; Tao Lyu; Jun Chen; Honggang Zhang; Gang Pan. Amphoteric starch-based bicomponent modified soil for mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) with broad salinity tolerance: Flocculation, algal regrowth, and ecological safety. Water Research 2019, 165, 115005 .
AMA StyleXiaoguang Jin, Lei Bi, Tao Lyu, Jun Chen, Honggang Zhang, Gang Pan. Amphoteric starch-based bicomponent modified soil for mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) with broad salinity tolerance: Flocculation, algal regrowth, and ecological safety. Water Research. 2019; 165 ():115005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoguang Jin; Lei Bi; Tao Lyu; Jun Chen; Honggang Zhang; Gang Pan. 2019. "Amphoteric starch-based bicomponent modified soil for mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) with broad salinity tolerance: Flocculation, algal regrowth, and ecological safety." Water Research 165, no. : 115005.
Tao Lyu; Shubiao Wu; Robert J. G. Mortimer; Gang Pan. Nanobubble Technology in Environmental Engineering: Revolutionization Potential and Challenges. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 7175 -7176.
AMA StyleTao Lyu, Shubiao Wu, Robert J. G. Mortimer, Gang Pan. Nanobubble Technology in Environmental Engineering: Revolutionization Potential and Challenges. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (13):7175-7176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Lyu; Shubiao Wu; Robert J. G. Mortimer; Gang Pan. 2019. "Nanobubble Technology in Environmental Engineering: Revolutionization Potential and Challenges." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 13: 7175-7176.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), eutrophication, and internal pollutant sources from sediment, represent serious problems for public health, water quality, and ecological restoration worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that Modified Local Soil (MLS) technology is an efficient and cost-effective method to flocculate the HABs from water and settle them onto sediment. Additionally, MLS capping treatment can reduce the resuspension of algae flocs from the sediment, and convert the algal cells, along with any excessive nutrients in-situ into fertilisers for the restoration of submerged macrophytes in shallow water systems. Furthermore, the capping treatment using oxygen nanobubble-MLS materials can also mitigate sediment anoxia, causing a reduction in the release of internal pollutants, such as nutrients and greenhouse gases. This paper reviews and quantifies the main features of MLS by investigating the effect of MLS treatment in five pilot-scale whole-pond field experiments carried out in Lake Tai, South China, and in Cetian Reservoir in Datong city, North China. Data obtained from field monitoring showed that the algae-dominated waters transform into a macrophyte-dominated state within four months of MLS treatment in shallow water systems. The sediment-water nutrient fluxes were substantially reduced, whilst water quality (TN, TP, and transparency) and biodiversity were significantly improved in the treatment ponds, compared to the control ponds within a duration ranging from one day to three years. The sediment anoxia remediation effect by oxygen nanobubble-MLS treatment may further contribute to deep water hypoxia remediation and eutrophication control. Combined with the integrated management of external loads control, MLS technology can provide an environmentally friendly geo-engineering method to accelerate ecological restoration and control eutrophication.
Gang Pan; Xiaojun Miao; Lei Bi; Honggang Zhang; Lei Wang; Lijing Wang; Zhibin Wang; Jun Chen; Jafar Ali; Minmin Pan; Jing Zhang; Bin Yue; Tao Lyu. Modified Local Soil (MLS) Technology for Harmful Algal Bloom Control, Sediment Remediation, and Ecological Restoration. Water 2019, 11, 1123 .
AMA StyleGang Pan, Xiaojun Miao, Lei Bi, Honggang Zhang, Lei Wang, Lijing Wang, Zhibin Wang, Jun Chen, Jafar Ali, Minmin Pan, Jing Zhang, Bin Yue, Tao Lyu. Modified Local Soil (MLS) Technology for Harmful Algal Bloom Control, Sediment Remediation, and Ecological Restoration. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGang Pan; Xiaojun Miao; Lei Bi; Honggang Zhang; Lei Wang; Lijing Wang; Zhibin Wang; Jun Chen; Jafar Ali; Minmin Pan; Jing Zhang; Bin Yue; Tao Lyu. 2019. "Modified Local Soil (MLS) Technology for Harmful Algal Bloom Control, Sediment Remediation, and Ecological Restoration." Water 11, no. 6: 1123.