Cut roses are grown throughout the four distinct seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter in Korea. Especially in the very hot or cold seasons of summer or winter, the temperature and light environments inside a greenhouse cause abiotic stress on the growth of horticultural crops. In a greenhouse where shade cultivation is performed in summer, the temperature is high and the light intensity is low, whereas in winter when shade cultivation is not performed, both temperature and light intensity are low. This experiment investigated the year-round growth and yield changes of cut roses grafted onto three rootstocks. The root activity of rootstocks was generally higher than that of the scion. The stomata of the grafted cut roses showed morphological changes according to the seasons. Compared with the scion, the stomata of grafted cut roses became smaller and their number increased in summer, whereas only the stomata size increased in winter. The grafted cut roses had characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency such as photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate from rootstocks under harsh environmental conditions including temperature and light intensity, and thus the photosynthetic efficiency was higher than that of the scion. There was no significant change in the yield of grafted cut roses, but flower quality parameters such as the stem height, stem thickness, and weight of grafted cut roses were improved according to the rootstocks compared with those of the scion. In particular, in cut roses grafted with R. multiflora cv. Natal Briar and Rosa indica ‘Major’ rootstocks, the weight increased as the stem lengthened and thickened in spring, autumn, and winter. Therefore, grafting is effective in improving the quality of cut roses grown under abiotic stress caused by harsh temperature and light intensity conditions during winter.

The aim of this study is to provide basic data on the yield and bioactive compound contents of the male asparagus cultivar ‘Avalim’ grown under two cultivation systems, i.e., an open field and a rain shelter house, in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. Spear sprouting, yield parameters, polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 22-month-old asparagus cultivated in each system were measured. Spear sprouting occurred approximately 10 days earlier in the rain shelter house than in the open field. The number of asparagus spears per 1000 m² was approximately 600 higher in the rain shelter house, and the total weight was 21% higher than that in the open field. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were higher in the open field than in the rain shelter house. The temperature in the rain shelter house during the cultivation period was 0.6 to 17.4 °C higher than that in the open field, while light intensity was 359.7 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ higher in the open field. Consequently, cultivation in Saemangeum reclaimed land resulted in higher yields in the rain shelter house, whereas the bioactive compound levels were higher in the open field. Therefore, selecting an appropriate cultivation system based on the intended purpose, focusing on yield or functional quality, when cultivating asparagus on reclaimed land is important.

Recently, as the premium market for large flowers has expanded more than that of medium-sized flowers, domestically produced medium-sized roses are disadvantageous in competition with imported large ones grown in major production countries such as Kenya and Ecuador. Therefore, we developed a cultivar suitable for the domestic environment that has large yields. A red standard rose cultivar 'White Beauty' was bred from the cross between the white standard cultivar 'Marilyn Monroe' and the pink standard cultivar 'Peach Coat' with large flowers and excellent stem length at the National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science. An individual was obtained from an artificial cross in 2014, and 'White Beauty' was finally selected and named in 2016 after investigating the characteristics from 2014 to 2016. 'White Beauty' is a standard flower with white color (RHS Color Chart White Group 3C) that grows vigorously, produces a big flower and has high productivity. The number of petals was 65.4, which was much bigger than that of 'Green Star' (41.4), and flower width (8.9 cm) was larger than 'Green Star' (8.3 cm). The annual amount of cut flowers per square meter was 112 stems, which was 17 more than 'Green Star'. Vase life was 7.8 days shorter than 'Green Star', but consumers preferred 'White Beauty' over the control cultivar 'Green Star'.