Background/aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on the prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and methods: The present study was a retrospective study. The CONUT score was calculated based on serum albumin, total cholesterol and lymphocyte levels. This study included a total of 266 patients, 131 (49.2%) were female and 135 (50.8%) were male. The median follow-up period was 51 months (range: 1-190). Results: The median age was 64 years. The cut off CONUT was 1.5. There was a significant difference between patients with high (>_ 2) or low (< 2) CONUT scores in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The 5-year OS and PFS in patients with high CONUT score was 52.1% and 49.7%. The 5-year OS and PFS in patients with low CONUT score was 79.8% and 75.6% (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis for OS, age >_ 65 years (HR = 1.80, p = 0.028), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) > 1 (HR = 2.04, p = 0.006), stage IIIA-IVB disease (HR = 2.75, p = 0.001) and the CONUT score (HR = 1.15, p = 0.003) were found statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis for PFS, age >_ 65 years (HR = 2.02, p = 0.007), stage IIIA-IVB disease (HR = 2.42, p = 0.002) and the CONUT score (HR = 1.19, p = 0.001) were found to be significant parameters. Conclusion: High CONUT score reduces OS and PFS in DLBCL. CONUT score is an independent, strong prognostic index in patients with DLBCL.

Primary extranodal lymphoma is defined as a lymphoma at a solitary extranodal site, with or without involvement of the lymph nodes. The clinical and radiological features of extranodal lymphoma have been documented in recent studies. In this pictorial essay, we reviewed imaging findings of extranodal lymphoma in the head and neck region.

Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a condition that increases morbidity and mortality. This study investigated changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and hepcidin levels following therapy in individuals with IDA. Materials and Methods: The patient group consisted of 39 females diagnosed with IDA, and 36 age- and sex-matched controls were incorporated into our study (18-49 years). The patient group was treated with daily oral ferrous fumarate (304.2 mg, approximately 100 mg elemental iron) for one month. Measurements of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), DNA damage (using the Comet assay), and hepcidin levels were conducted before and during therapy and compared between the patient and control groups. Results: Oxidative stress indicators and DNA damage assessed with the Comet assay were elevated in individuals with IDA (p=0.018) and decreased following treatment (p=0.002). TAS was reduced in individuals with IDA (p=0.02) but increased after treatment (p<0.001). Although TOS levels were elevated in individuals with IDA, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.10); however, TOS levels decreased after treatment (p=0.02). Hepcidin levels were significantly lower in individuals with IDA (p<0.001) but increased during therapy (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that just one month of oral iron therapy can reversibly improve oxidative stress and DNA damage. Hepcidin plays a critical role in maintaining iron homeostasis.