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The present study offers the first evaluation of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) of submicron (PM1) fraction in Changchun (Northeast China) during a year-long sampling period (October 24, 2016 to October 23, 2017). More than 288 PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 μm) samples were collected. The PM1 concentrations ranged from 3.78 to 451.08 μg·m−3, with an average of 57.73 μg·m−3, which was 1.65 times higher than the Chinese National Standard II. Following the concept of the well-known IMPROVE algorithm, OC and EC values were obtained. The OC values ranged from 1.18 to 82.54 μg∙m−3, and the EC values were from 0.30 to 14.19 μg∙m−3. Total carbon (TC = EC + OC) constituted 9.11–40.35% of the total PM1 mass, and OC dominated over EC. The average OC/EC ratio was 4.78, which implied a low percentage for vehicles and a high contribution of coal and biomass consumption to PM1. Among OC, the annual primary organic carbon (POC) value was 7.69 μg∙m−3, accounting for 63% of the OC, while secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributed 37% with 4.12 μg∙m−3. Among EC, CHAR (EC1) dominated over SOOT (EC2 + EC3), and the CHAR/SOOR ratio ranged from 2.91 to 28.55. The results of the OC and EC values as well as the OC/EC and CHAR/SOOT ratios suggest that possible sources of PM1 include vehicles, coal burning, cooking, and biomass burning.
Na Li; Xin Wei; Weizheng Han; Siyue Sun; Jinghui Wu. Characteristics and temporal variations of organic and elemental carbon aerosols in PM1 in Changchun, Northeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 8653 -8661.
AMA StyleNa Li, Xin Wei, Weizheng Han, Siyue Sun, Jinghui Wu. Characteristics and temporal variations of organic and elemental carbon aerosols in PM1 in Changchun, Northeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (8):8653-8661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Li; Xin Wei; Weizheng Han; Siyue Sun; Jinghui Wu. 2020. "Characteristics and temporal variations of organic and elemental carbon aerosols in PM1 in Changchun, Northeast China." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 8: 8653-8661.
Road dust, which contains trace elements and certain organic matter that can be harmful to human health, plays an important role in atmospheric pollution. In this paper, concentrations of 16 elements in the road dust of Changchun, China were determined experimentally. A total of 100 samples were collected using plastic brushes and dustpans, and the elements were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). It was indicated that the elements could be divided into major and trace elements. The concentration of trace elements followed the trend: mercury (Hg) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > lead (Pb) > chromium (Cr) > copper (Cu) > vanadium (V) > arsenic (As) > nickel (Ni) > cobalt (Co) > cadmium (Cd). Contamination-level-assessment calculated by the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that the pollution-level ranged from non-contaminated to extreme contamination, while the calculations of enrichment factor (EF) showed that EF values exhibited a decreasing trend: Cd > Hg > As > Pb > Cu > Co > Zn > Ni > Cr > V > Mn > Mg > Fe > Sr > Ba. In our study, ingestion was the greatest exposure pathway for humans to intake trace elements by calculating the average daily dose (ADD) from three routes (ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact). According to the health risk assessment results, the non-carcinogenic risks that human beings suffered from these elements were insignificant. Additionally, the hazard quotient (HQ) values were approximately one-tenth in the case of children. Meanwhile, the total excess cancer risk (ECR) was also lower than the acceptable level (10−6–10−4) for both adults and children.
Na Li; Weizheng Han; Jie Tang; Jianmin Bian; Siyue Sun; Tiehong Song. Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risks of Elements in Road Dust in Changchun, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1843 .
AMA StyleNa Li, Weizheng Han, Jie Tang, Jianmin Bian, Siyue Sun, Tiehong Song. Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risks of Elements in Road Dust in Changchun, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (9):1843.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Li; Weizheng Han; Jie Tang; Jianmin Bian; Siyue Sun; Tiehong Song. 2018. "Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risks of Elements in Road Dust in Changchun, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1843.