Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlations of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and ten‐eleven translocation enzyme 2 (TET2) expressions in lesion tissue with histological classification of breast precancerous lesion. Methods: Eighty‐three patients with breast ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN), 20 patients with breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS‐MI), and 10 patients with invasive breast cancer were included. Histological classification of the DIN patients was classified as DIN1A, DIN1B, DIN1C, DIN2, and DIN3. 5mC, 5hmC, and TET2 expressions in lesion tissues from biopsy were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Results: 5hmC and TET2 were negatively associated with histological classification as validated by both IHC score and IHC semi‐quantification expression grades in total patients (all P < .05); however, no correlation of 5mC with histological classification was found (all P > .05). 5mC ( P = .004) was negatively but 5hmC ( P < .001) was positively correlated with TET2, while no association of 5mC with 5hmC was discovered in total patients ( P = .078). In addition, 5mC was positively associated with ER expression in total patients ( P = .040). In subgroups, 5mC was negatively correlated with 5hmC in DIN1C patients ( P = .023) and invasive cancer patients ( P = .044), and 5mC was negatively associated with TET2 in DIN1B patients ( P = .004) as well as DCIS‐MI patients ( P = .003). Conclusion: 5hmC and TET2 have the potentials to serve as biomarkers that could assist in the identification of presence and progression of breast precancerous lesion.

Background: SETDB1, an H3K9-specific histone methyltransferase, plays important roles in the progression of various hu- man cancers. However, the expression patterns and its clinical roles of SETDB1 remain elusive in breast cancer (BC). Material/Methods: The transcriptional level of SETDB1 and survival data in BC were analyzed through UALCAN, ONCOMINE, and Pan Cancer Prognostics Database. SETDB1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 159 BC tissue samples. The associations between SETDB1 expression and clinical pathological characteristics of patients were analyzed. The GEO dataset GSE108656 was downloaded and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and BC cells targeting interference with SETDB. The DEGs were further integrated by bioinformatics analysis to decipher the key signaling pathways and hub genes that are regulated by SETDB. Results: The public databases showed the level of SETDB1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in BC Our IHC results demonstrated the level of SETDB1 protein was associated with tumor size (P=0.028), histopathological grading (P=0.012), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), and TNM stage (P<0.001). High expression of SETDBI indicated worse overall survival (P=0.015) and shorter relapse-free survival (P=0.027). The bioinformatic analysis of GSE108656 suggested that the SETDB1-related DEGs was mainly enriched in antigen processing and presentation, as well as immune networks in BC. The cytoHubba analysis suggested the top 10 hub genes were IL6, BMP4, CD74, PECAM1, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DRA, LAMC1, CTSB, SERPINA1, and CTSD. Conclusions: The results suggest that SETDB1 is an oncogene and can serve as a prognostic biomarker for BC However, the mechanisms of SETDB1 in BC remain to be explored.

Objective: This study was designed to explore KRT15 dysregulation and its correlation with clinical characteristics among ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), DCIS with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) and inva...

Background: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) leads to inaccurate measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). This study aimed to determine the efficacy and reliability of IOP measurement on the peripheral cornea after LASIK. Methods: The IOP was measured in 52 eyes of 26 subjects before LASIK and one week and one month after LASIK using non‐contact tonometry. The measurements were made on the central and peripheral cornea and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean measured IOP on the central cornea was decreased by 6.425 ± 2.544 mmHg at one week and 5.752 ± 3.863 mmHg at one month post‐operatively. The mean IOP measured on the peripheral cornea was decreased by only 0.921 ± 2.054 mmHg at one week post‐operatively. Most notably, the mean IOP measured on the peripheral cornea was increased by only 0.158 ± 2.979 mmHg at one month post‐operatively with no statistical significance (p > 0.05). Furthermore, a linear regression of ablation depth versus change in IOP measured on the central cornea was demonstrated, but the peripheral IOP did not display such a statistically significant correlation with the depth of ablation at both one week and one month after operation. Conclusion: The IOP measured on the peripheral cornea is closer to the actual IOP. Therefore, it is more accurate and reliable to measure IOP on the peripheral cornea than on the centre after LASIK.