Dental phobia is a disabling yet underdiagnosed condition that prevents many patients from seeking essential oral healthcare, leading to avoidable pain, disease progression, and reduced quality of life. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most widely supported psychological intervention for specific phobias and has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing dental anxiety and avoidance. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on CBT applications for phobia management, with particular emphasis on dental settings. In addition to reviewing established mechanisms of CBT, this paper highlights emerging adjunctive approaches such as virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and hypnosis. Special attention is given to pediatric populations, trauma-exposed individuals, and patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, who are often underrepresented in clinical research. The findings underscore the central role of CBT in addressing dental phobia while identifying gaps in standardized protocols, long-term outcomes, and accessibility across diverse healthcare contexts. Future research should prioritize controlled trials, cultural adaptations, and the integration of psychological training into dental curricula to enhance the translation of evidence into everyday practice.

Background: Dentophobia, a significant barrier to dental healthcare, may be influenced by an increased dependency on digital technology and internet addiction, particularly among younger populations. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) compared to traditional methods in managing dentophobia, particularly among individuals exhibiting high levels of internet dependency. Methods: A comparative study involving two groups, each consisting of 50 young adults aged 18–30 years, diagnosed with dentophobia, was conducted. Group A participants, who exhibited high familiarity and borderline addictive behavior towards digital technologies, received VRET using VR-BOX glasses across four specific dental scenarios: dental chair positioning, oral examination, anesthesia administration, and dental drilling procedures. Group B received traditional “tell–show–do” management without VR assistance. Anxiety levels were evaluated using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) before and after interventions and at follow-up intervals of one week, three months, and six months. Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in anxiety scores across all follow-up periods. Mild to phobic anxiety scores demonstrated no significant differences between VRET and traditional method groups. The average MDAS scores post-intervention were similar, indicating comparable effectiveness between both treatment modalities. Conclusions: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy effectively reduces dentophobia among young adults, particularly those with significant internet dependency. Although VRET’s effectiveness was similar to conventional methods, it holds considerable promise for improving treatment adherence and comfort among digitally dependent individuals.