Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), as an eco-friendly biomineralization technology, has opened up an innovative path for the green and low-carbon development of the mining industry. Unlike conventional methods, its in situ solidification minimizes environmental disturbances and reduces carbon emissions during construction. This article reviews the research on MICP technology in various scenarios within the mining industry, summarizes the key factors influencing the application of MICP, and proposes a future research direction to fill the gap of the lack of systematic guidance for the application of MICP in this field. Specifically, it elaborates on the solidification mechanism of MICP and its current application in the solidification and storage of tailings, heavy metal immobilization, waste resource utilization, carbon sequestration, and field-scale deployment, establishing a technical foundation for broader implementation in the mining sector. Key influencing factors that affect the solidification effect of MICP are discussed, along with critical engineering challenges such as the attenuation of microbial activity and the low uniformity of calcium carbonate precipitation under extreme conditions. Proposed solutions include environmentally responsive self-healing technologies (the stimulus-responsive properties of the carriers extend the survival window of microorganisms), a one-phase low-pH injection method (when the pH = 5, the delay time for CaCO₃ to appear is 1.5 h), and the incorporation of auxiliary additives (the auxiliary additives provided more adsorption sites for microorganisms). Future research should focus on in situ real-time monitoring of systems integrated with deep learning, systematic mineralization evaluation standard system, and urea-free mineralization pathways under special conditions. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, MICP offers significant potential for integrated scientific and engineering solutions in mine waste solidification and sustainable resource utilization.

In this study, Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technology was applied to effectively consolidate closely spaced coal seams. The slurry and the entrained solid waste particles were stably cemented underground, thereby reducing pollutant migration and diffusion and preventing slurry inrush in the stope. A microbially cemented coal gangue filling material was developed. The mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of microbially cemented coal gangue filling material with different biomass ash contents were investigated, and the effects of MICP modification on the mechanical properties of the materials were revealed. The results showed that MICP modification significantly improved the compressive strength and tensile strength of microbial-cemented coal gangue filling materials. The compressive strength and tensile strength of the coal gangue + 20% biomass ash + 10% cement + microorganism specimen reached 0.698 MPa and 0.0489 MPa respectively, which were 29.26% and 28.68% higher than those before microbial modification. The combined effects of MICP modification and the hydration reactions of cement and biomass ash generated substances containing flocculent structures, particle aggregation structures, and a small number of strip-like structures, which contributed to improving the pore structure of the specimens, enhancing interparticle cementation, increasing specimen compactness, and further improving the mechanical properties. The research results provide a new technical approach for grouting filling and coal gangue disposal in closely spaced coal seams and provide valuable insights for promoting green and efficient mining practices.