The development of efficient antibiotic-releasing materials derived from sustainable and recyclable compounds represents a key area within biomedical materials science, particularly in the treatment of antibacterial infections. Herein, a Fe³⁺/terephthalate-based metal–organic framework (MIL-53) and a novel advanced material made of MIL-53 with biogenic hydroxyapatite (1) were prepared by solvothermal reactions, and these were studied in detail as a Penicillin-G-releasing material. After loading Penicillin G on 1 and MIL-53, the antibiotic percentage release was studied, and the antimicrobial effectiveness of each material was evaluated against two bacterial ATCC strains (E. coli and S. aureus) and various Penicillin-G-resistant uropathogenic strains such as E. coli isolates (HHM 25, ERV 6, and FGI 4). Functional, structural, and morphological characteristics of these materials were thoroughly studied by analytical tools (FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, and XPS). The Penicillin G load did not exceed 50% in both materials. The Penicillin G adsorption mechanism involves several types of interactions with the materials. The release of the antibiotic was more efficient from MIL-53, where the load did not exceed 20%. The release was analyzed using mathematical models. They indicated that when Penicillin G is released from MIL-53, the process follows diffusion through a uniform matrix; however, 1 is more porous, which helps with the release by diffusion of Penicillin G, and 1 exhibits more than a 90% inhibition of the growth of bacteria and strains like MIL-53. This suggests a valuable approach to antibiotic activity against resistant pathogens. The use of composite materials derived from the Fe-MOF with a sustainable matrix of hydroxyapatite as antibiotic-releasing materials has been unexplored until now.

The genus Lupinus (Fabaceae) represents an exceptional model system for studying evolutionary processes mediated by pollinators and environmental factors. This review synthesizes evidence on phenotypic variability of floral traits, trait selection by biotic and abiotic factors, and the eco-evolutionary implications of these interactions. Pollinators shape floral traits through specialized selection that optimizes pollination efficiency while maintaining plasticity toward autogamy under pollinator scarcity. At the same time, abiotic pressures drive adaptations to climate and elevation, which Lupinus achieves through phenotypic plasticity, such as adjusting flowering time, and through mutualisms with soil microbes that reduce abiotic stress. Ecological implications reveal contrasting dynamics, where native species sustain specialized pollination networks, while invasive species such as L. polyphyllus Lindl. disrupt these interactions through competitive exclusion. Thus, these two factors collectively drive Lupinus phenotypic diversity through specialized adaptations and plasticity. Finally, we emphasize the need for integrated studies combining genomics and ecological modeling to decipher the adaptive mechanisms of this genus.

This work presents a sustainable strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and Ag/jute nanocomposites using Erythroxylum coca tea waste extract as a bioreducing and stabilizing agent, combined with picosecond pulsed laser irradiation. UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of Ag-NPs with diverse morphologies and broad size distributions, which became significantly more uniform after laser post-treatment without the need for additional chemical reagents. Following laser irradiation, the initially broad Ag surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak transformed into a symmetric Gaussian-shaped band, centered at 407 ± 3 nm for all the Ag-NPs systems. The catalytic performance of unsupported Ag-NPs and Ag-NPs supported on jute fibers was comparatively evaluated by degrading Congo red (CR) dye, revealing that the supported nanocomposites exhibited enhanced catalytic stability, higher pollutant removal efficiency, and improved catalyst recovery. Furthermore, multicomponent catalytic reduction experiments involving CR and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NaBH₄ revealed simultaneous degradation and reduction pathways mediated by the Ag/jute nanocomposites, as evidenced by the emergence of new absorption bands during the reaction. In parallel, the synthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, generating well-defined inhibition zones. Beyond conventional approaches centered on nanoparticle synthesis and morphology optimization, this study establishes a platform that combines agricultural waste valorization, laser-assisted nanoparticle engineering, and natural-fiber-supported nanocomposite fabrication, enabling efficient remediation of both single- and multicomponent pollutant systems while promoting catalyst reusability and environmental sustainability. These findings demonstrate the Ag/jute nanocomposites as sustainable and scalable catalytic materials for wastewater remediation and antimicrobial applications.