Ocular diseases affect over 2.2 billion people globally, imposing a significant socioeconomic burden, with annual productivity losses estimated at US$411 billion. Conventional drug delivery methods—topical, local injection, and systemic administration—face challenges such as low bioavailability (< 5%), rapid clearance, and physiological barriers like the cornea and blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Nanomedicine offers promising solutions by enhancing drug bioavailability, prolonging release, and enabling targeted delivery. This review explores nanomedicine-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems, including organic nanomaterials (eg, liposomes, polymer micelles, dendrimers), inorganic nanomaterials (eg, metal nanoparticles, quantum dots), and biological components (eg, exosomes). These systems improve drug penetration, reduce administration frequency, and minimize toxicity, addressing conditions like dry eye disease, keratitis, glaucoma, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinal vascular occlusion (RVO). For instance, Ocular Therapeutix (OTX)-TP, a sustained-release intracanalicular implant combining poly (ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel with travoprost-loaded poly (lactic acid) microspheres, has shown therapeutic efficacy lasting up to three months in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Phase III clinical trial. Additionally, a liposomal formulation of verteporfin, approved for the treatment of neovascular AMD, administered intravenously and activated by laser photodynamic therapy, demonstrates a durable response, with a marked reduction in treatment frequency from an average of 3.5 sessions in the first year to only 0.1 by the fifth year post-diagnosis. Despite these advantages, challenges such as manufacturing costs, potential toxicity, and limited clinical translation persist. Future advancements in nanomedicine hold potential for personalized, non-invasive ocular therapies, revolutionizing ophthalmology.

Background: Radioresistance is the main reason for the failure of radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the molecular mechanism of radioresistance is still unclear. Methods: An RNA-Seq assay was used to screen differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes in irradiation-resistant NSCLC cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting assays were performed to analyze the expressions of lncRNAs and genes. The chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay was performed to measure chromatin interactions. Cell cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, sphere formation and Transwell assays were performed to assess cellular function. Results: In this study, it was found that LINC01224 increased during the induction of radioresistance in NSCLC cells. LINC01224 was located within the enhancer of ZNF91, and LINC01224 could affect the transcription of ZNF91 by regulating the long-range interactions between the ZNF91 enhancer and promoter. Moreover, upregulation of LINC01224 and ZNF91 could promote irradiation resistance by regulating the stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells. In addition, high expression levels of LINC01224 and ZNF91 in tissue samples were associated with radioresistance in NSCLC patients. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that LINC01224/ZNF91 drove radioresistance regulation by promoting the stem cell-like properties in NSCLC.

Purpose . To evaluate long‐term outcomes and complications of sutured scleral‐fixated foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Design . Retrospective study. Methods . Patients who underwent sutured scleral‐fixated foldable IOL implantation using 10‐0 polypropylene suture were followed up for at least 5 years at one Chinese tertiary hospital and two primary hospitals. Results . 52 eyes among 48 patients (35 male and 13 female) were evaluated. The mean age (years) was 50.27 ± 20.08 (range: 6 to 81). The mean postoperative follow‐up time (months) was 79.70 ± 18.84 (range: 60 to 121). The mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.83 ± 0.69 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) at baseline to 0.50 ± 0.45 logMAR at the last follow‐up visit. There was improved or unchanged BCVA in 44 eyes (84.62%) and reduced BCVA in 8 eyes (15.38%). Mild intraoperative intravitreal hemorrhage was observed in 3 eyes (5.77%). Early postoperative complications included transient elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in 5 eyes (9.62%) and hypotony in 1 eye (1.92%). Secondary epimacular membrane occurred in 5 eyes (9.62%) and retinal detachment (RD; 3 years postsurgery), subconjunctival suture knot exposure (5 years postsurgery), and persistent elevated IOP (in a GRAVES patient) occurred in 1 eye (1.92%) each. No suture erosion or breakage nor IOL dislocation was observed. No visually threatening IOL tilt or decentration was reported in any patient. Conclusion . Sutured scleral‐fixated foldable IOL implantation demonstrated satisfactory long‐term outcomes and rare suture‐related complications. This technology was safe and did not require complicated equipment and is of considerable interest in the setting of aphakia without adequate capsule support.

Purpose: To assess the morphologic and clinical features of posterior capsule-intraocular lens (IOL) interaction following cataract surgery with and without primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (PPCCC) at a three-dimensional (3-D) level using Scheimpflug imaging. Methods: This prospective intraindividual randomized comparative study comprised 56 patients (112 eyes) with age-related cataract who had bilateral cataract surgery and hydrophobic acrylic IOLs implantation. In randomized order, cataract surgery with PPCCC was performed in 1 eye (PPCCC group), and the posterior capsule was left intact in the fellow eye (NPCCC group). Scheimpflug imaging containing 25 images distributed in 360° was taken 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Results: 46 patients completed 3 months follow-up. Posterior capsule–IOL interaction can be morphologically classified into two types including complete adhesion and floppy shape in PPCCC group, and six types including full area wave, full area flat, concentric ring wave, concentric ring flat, sector, and complete adhesion in NPCCC group. The adhesion index (AI), defined as the proportion of complete adhesion of posterior capsule–IOL in 25 cross-section tomograms, was 0.45 ± 0.45, 0.79 ± 0.37, 0.92 ± 0.26 and 1.00 ± 0.00 in PPCCC group, while 0.05 ± 0.18, 0.41 ± 0.47, 0.87 ± 0.34, and 0.96 ± 0.21 in NPCCC group at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.338 and 0.151). Conclusions: 3-D Scheimpflug imaging was favorable in observing of posterior capsule–IOL interaction. Faster posterior capsule adhesion to the IOL was found in PPCCC group than in NPCCC group.

Purpose: To evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration and their effects on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after cataract surgery with and without primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC). Setting: Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China. Design: Prospective, intraindividual, randomized, comparative clinical trial. Methods: 64 eyes of 32 patients with age-related cataract who underwent bilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were enrolled in this study. In randomized order, all patients had phacoemulsification cataract surgery with PPCCC in 1 eye (PPCCC group) and routine cataract surgery in the contralateral eye (NPCCC group). IOL decentration, tilt, HOAs, modulation transfer function, and point spread function were measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery using OPD-Scan III. Results: 52 eyes of 26 patients were available for analysis. The mean overall decentration in the NPCCC group was significantly higher than in the PPCCC group at 3 months (0.302 ± 0.157 mm vs 0.187 ± 0.099 mm, P < .001). Under 3 mm pupil, internal spherical aberration (SA) 1 day after surgery and coma 1 week after surgery were lower in the PPCCC group compared with the NPCCC group (0.15 ± 0.10 μm vs 0.30 ± 0.21 μm, P < .001, and 0.34 ± 0.18 μm vs 0.47 ± 0.31 μm, P = .03, respectively). IOL decentration was significantly correlated with ocular and internal coma, ocular and internal SA, and internal HOAs at 5 mm pupil (R = 0.083 and R = 0.099, R = 0.650 and R = 0.613, and R = 0.418, respectively, all P < .01). Conclusions: Less IOL decentration was observed in the PPCCC group at 3 months after surgery, indicating that PPCCC may result in better IOL centrality.

Purpose: To evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) rotational stability and capsular fusion process after cataract surgery with and without primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC). Setting: Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China. Design: Prospective, intraindividual, randomized clinical trial. Methods: This study included 56 adult patients (112 eyes) with bilateral cataract undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery with PPCCC in 1 eye (PPCCC group) and conventional cataract surgery in the contralateral eye (NPCCC group). IOL axis orientation and fusion footprint length were measured at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively using OPD-Scan III, while the capsular bend index (CBI) was assessed at the same timepoints using Pentacam AXL. Results: No between-group difference was found in the absolute rotation from 1 day to 1 year (2.93 ± 1.72 vs 2.66 ± 1.61 degrees, P = .54). The absolute rotation from 1 week to 1 month in the NPCCC group was higher than that in the PPCCC group (1.65 ± 0.68 vs 1.27 ± 0.32 degrees, P = .01). At 1 month postoperatively, both fusion footprint length (9.11 ± 2.74 vs 10.67 ± 2.06 mm, P = .02) and CBI (2.92 ± 0.60 vs 3.25 ± 0.59, P = .03) were lower in the NPCCC group. Conclusions: Cataract surgery involving PPCCC demonstrated comparable outcomes with conventional procedures regarding long-term IOL rotational stability and therefore is a promising option for adult patients with cataract scheduled for toric IOL implantation. PPCCC slightly reduces IOL rotation in the early postoperative period, which can be attributed to accelerated capsular fusion.