Background/Objectives: Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) results from abnormal proliferation of plasma cells and accounts for 2–5% of all plasmacytic malignancies. Radiation therapy is the standard of care in treating SPB due to its efficacy in controlling disease progression and optimizing patient survival. However, prior studies have highlighted disparities in radiation therapy receipt among various cancer types. In this study, we aim to investigate whether similar sociodemographic and clinical disparities exist in the treatment of SPB through use of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: The SEER database was queried for biopsy-confirmed cases of SPB between 2000 and 2021 using the ICD-O-3 histology code 9731/3 and primary site codes C40.0–41.9. Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression were completed using SPSS v29.0.2, with significance set to p < 0.05. Results: A total of 4139 patients were identified, of which 75.3% received treatment with radiation therapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that low-income patients making less than $74,999 annually (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.97), as well as those from non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.33–0.73) and Hispanic (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60–0.98) racial and ethnic groups, were significantly less likely to receive radiation therapy. Conclusions: These findings reveal notable disparities in radiation therapy utilization for SPB patients based on income and race and ethnicity, emphasizing the need for interventions to address systemic inequities, improve access to care, and ensure that all patients receive high-quality cancer care to optimize long-term outcomes.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Changing antibiotic resistance profiles, paucity of reliable CAP mortality prediction models, and ageing populations will increase its burden. This study aims to evaluate adherence to CAP management guidelines as well as develop an ML-based mortality prediction model. This retrospective, chart review included all CAP cases between 2016 and 2021. Variables collected included patients' demographics, comorbidities, vitals, laboratory, imaging, and culture findings, as well as initial and targeted antibiotic regimens. Data was pre-processed and analysed in python-3. Adherence to the American thoracic society/infectious diseases society of America 2019 guidelines (ATS/IDSA) was evaluated. The minimum required antibiotic dosages used to determine guideline adherence were defined according to the 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines for an average adult with normal renal function. Random forest was used for feature selection, while several base classifiers and ensembles were evaluated. SHAP was used to generate interpretable factors for the best-performing model. 783 cases were included, all of which were Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) class IV/V; overall mortality rate was 15.75%. Etiological diagnosis was rarely established and was not used to guide antibiotic usage. Prescribed doses were frequently below the recommended levels. Less than one-third of cases were adhering to the 2019 ATS/IDSA management guidelines. PneumoMLPred, an explainable support vector classifier-based pneumonia prognostication model, had accuracy = 88.5%, specificity = 96.3%, and AUROC = 0.87. SHAP revealed that PSI, CRP, and kidney diseases were the top three drivers behind in-hospital mortality. Adherence to the 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines was very limited. PneumoMLPred has great potential for in-hospital CAP mortality prediction.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases. Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype, can mimic benign conditions like pneumonia, lung abscess, and interstitial lung disease due to its varied radiologic presentations and associated inflammation and fibrosis. This similarity can delay diagnosis, emphasizing the need for imaging and histopathological confirmation. Case Presentation: A 58‐year‐old male with a significant smoking history, hypertension, and GERD presented with a 5‐month history of episodic epigastric pain, exacerbated by heavy meals, along with progressive respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath, dry cough, and a 20‐kg weight loss over 3 months. Upper endoscopy revealed gastric ulcers, a hiatal hernia, esophageal mucosal changes consistent with GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infection on biopsy, which was treated with triple therapy, resolving his gastrointestinal symptoms. However, his respiratory symptoms worsened, with increased dyspnea at rest, pleuritic chest pain, and a persistent cough. Chest CT showed multiple cavitating lung nodules, architectural distortion predominantly in the upper lobes, a large irregular lesion in the right lower lobe, and enlarged paratracheal, subcarinal, and distal paraesophageal lymph nodes. The patient was transferred to our facility for further evaluation. Whole‐body CT revealed widespread bilateral cavitary lesions, lymphadenopathy, and a small hiatal hernia. Bronchoscopy with biopsy confirmed metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, with histopathology showing moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, positive for TTF‐1 and Napsin A and negative for PAX8. Cytology from bronchoalveolar lavage also confirmed malignancy, and PD‐L1 immunostaining showed weak positivity in 15%–20% of tumor cells. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and initiated on carboplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy. Molecular testing was planned, and he was discharged for follow‐up care. Conclusion: Our case of a 58‐year‐old male with cavitating lung nodules, significant weight loss, and progressive respiratory symptoms, initially misattributed to gastrointestinal disease, highlights the diagnostic complexity of lung adenocarcinoma. The biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma underscores the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for malignancy in patients with atypical or nonspecific presentations. Early tissue diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes, especially in cases involving cavitary lesions or persistent, unexplained symptoms.