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Jay P. Sah
Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Diversity
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Fungi play prominent roles in ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling, decomposition) and thus have increasingly garnered attention in restoration ecology. However, it is unclear how most management decisions impact fungal communities, making it difficult to protect fungal diversity and utilize fungi to improve restoration success. To understand the effects of restoration decisions and environmental variation on fungal communities, we sequenced soil fungal microbiomes from 96 sites across eight experimental Everglades tree islands approximately 15 years after restoration occurred. We found that early restoration decisions can have enduring consequences for fungal communities. Factors experimentally manipulated in 2003–2007 (e.g., type of island core) had significant legacy effects on fungal community composition. Our results also emphasized the role of water regime in fungal diversity, composition, and function. As the relative water level decreased, so did fungal diversity, with an approximately 25% decline in the driest sites. Further, as the water level decreased, the abundance of the plant pathogen–saprotroph guild increased, suggesting that low water may increase plant-pathogen interactions. Our results indicate that early restoration decisions can have long-term consequences for fungal community composition and function and suggest that a drier future in the Everglades could reduce fungal diversity on imperiled tree islands.

ACS Style

Brianna K. Almeida; Michael S. Ross; Susana L. Stoffella; Jay P. Sah; Eric Cline; Fred Sklar; Michelle E. Afkhami. Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands. Diversity 2020, 12, 324 .

AMA Style

Brianna K. Almeida, Michael S. Ross, Susana L. Stoffella, Jay P. Sah, Eric Cline, Fred Sklar, Michelle E. Afkhami. Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands. Diversity. 2020; 12 (9):324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brianna K. Almeida; Michael S. Ross; Susana L. Stoffella; Jay P. Sah; Eric Cline; Fred Sklar; Michelle E. Afkhami. 2020. "Diversity and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities across Experimental Everglades Tree Islands." Diversity 12, no. 9: 324.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Frontiers of Biogeography
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Phylogenetic constraints on ecophysiological adaptations and specific resource requirements are likely to explain why some taxonomic/functional groups exhibit different richness patterns along climatic gradients. We used interpolated species elevational distribution data and climatic data to describe gymnosperm species richness variation along elevational and climatic gradients in the Himalayas. We compared the climatic and elevational distributions of gymnosperms to those previously found for bryophytes, ferns, and angiosperm tree lineages to understand the respective drivers of species richness. We divided our study location into three regions: Eastern; Central; and Western Himalayas, in each calculating gymnosperm species richness per 100-m band elevational interval by determining the sum of species with overlapping elevational distributions. Using linear regression, we analyzed the relationship between species’ elevational mid-point and species’ elevational range size to test the Rapoport’s rule for gymnosperms in the Himalayas. Generalized linear models were used to test if potential evapotranspiration, growing degree days, and the number of rainy days could predict the observed patterns of gymnosperm species richness. We used the non-linear least squares method to examine if species richness optima differed among the four taxa. We found supporting evidence for the elevational Rapoport’s rule in the distribution of gymnosperms, and we found a unimodal pattern in gymnosperm species richness with elevation, with the highest species richness observed at ca. 3000 m. We also found a unimodal pattern of gymnosperm species richness along both the potential evapotranspiration and growing degree day gradients, while the relationship between species richness and the number of rainy days per year was non-significant. Gymnosperm species richness peaked at higher elevations than for any other plant functional group. Our results are consistent with the view that differences in response of contrasting plant taxonomic groups with elevation can be explained by differences in energy requirements and competitive interactions.

ACS Style

Suresh C. Subedi; Khem Raj Bhattarai; Timothy M. Perez; Jay P. Sah. Gymnosperm species richness patterns along the elevational gradient and its comparison with other plant taxonomic groups in the Himalayas. Frontiers of Biogeography 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Suresh C. Subedi, Khem Raj Bhattarai, Timothy M. Perez, Jay P. Sah. Gymnosperm species richness patterns along the elevational gradient and its comparison with other plant taxonomic groups in the Himalayas. Frontiers of Biogeography. 2020; 12 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh C. Subedi; Khem Raj Bhattarai; Timothy M. Perez; Jay P. Sah. 2020. "Gymnosperm species richness patterns along the elevational gradient and its comparison with other plant taxonomic groups in the Himalayas." Frontiers of Biogeography 12, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 03 February 2019 in Water
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Foundation species provide habitat to other organisms and enhance ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage and sequestration, and erosion control. We focus on freshwater wetlands because these ecosystems are often characterized by foundation species; eutrophication and other environmental changes may cause the loss of some of these species, thus severely damaging wetland ecosystems. To better understand how wetland primary producer foundation species support other species and ecosystem functions across environmental gradients, we reviewed ~150 studies in subtropical, boreal, and temperate freshwater wetlands. We look at how the relative dominance of conspicuous and well-documented species (i.e., sawgrass, benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria, Sphagnum mosses, and bald cypress) and the foundational roles they play interact with hydrology, nutrient availability, and exposure to fire and salinity in representative wetlands. Based on the evidence analyzed, we argue that the foundation species concept should be more broadly applied to include organisms that regulate ecosystems at different spatial scales, notably the microscopic benthic algae that critically support associated communities and mediate freshwater wetlands’ ecosystem functioning. We give recommendations on how further research efforts can be prioritized to best inform the conservation of foundation species and of the freshwater wetlands they support.

ACS Style

Luca Marazzi; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Maarten B. Eppinga; Jay P. Sah; Lu Zhai; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Christine Angelini. Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands? Water 2019, 11, 265 .

AMA Style

Luca Marazzi, Evelyn E. Gaiser, Maarten B. Eppinga, Jay P. Sah, Lu Zhai, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Christine Angelini. Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands? Water. 2019; 11 (2):265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Marazzi; Evelyn E. Gaiser; Maarten B. Eppinga; Jay P. Sah; Lu Zhai; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Christine Angelini. 2019. "Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands?" Water 11, no. 2: 265.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2018 in Forest Ecology and Management
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Plant communities arranged along a gradient are a product of underlying physico-chemical drivers that vary on both spatial and temporal scales. Spatial variation in the underlying drivers along the gradient usually results in the formation of boundaries between adjacent plant communities. However, the structure and composition of these communities may change over time resulting in boundary shifts. In the Everglades, tree islands are complex ecosystems, where plant communities are arranged along hydrologic and soil nutrient gradients. In these islands, temporal changes in hydrologic regime often result in a spatial shift in community composition along the gradient and determine the trajectory of community succession. We examined the interaction between hydrology and vegetation over a 12-year period in three southern Everglades tree islands. We hypothesized that drier conditions in recent decades would result in an increase in the dominance of flood in-tolerant woody plants over herbaceous and flood-tolerant woody species, ultimately causing a shift in the boundaries between plant communities. The boundary between adjacent communities varied from sharp, clearly defined peaks of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity to more gradual, diffuse transition zones. In the head portion of tree island, there was little change in vegetation composition. However, in the tail portion of the islands, the relative abundance of flood-tolerant species declined, while that of moderately flood-tolerant species increased over the study period. In these islands, the effects of relatively dry conditions in recent decades resulted in small shifts in the boundaries among communities. These results suggest that tree islands are dynamic successional communities whose expansion or contraction over time depends on the strength and duration of changes in hydrologic conditions.

ACS Style

J.P. Sah; P.L. Ruiz; M.S. Ross. Spatio-temporal pattern of plant communities along a hydrologic gradient in Everglades tree islands. Forest Ecology and Management 2018, 421, 16 -31.

AMA Style

J.P. Sah, P.L. Ruiz, M.S. Ross. Spatio-temporal pattern of plant communities along a hydrologic gradient in Everglades tree islands. Forest Ecology and Management. 2018; 421 ():16-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.P. Sah; P.L. Ruiz; M.S. Ross. 2018. "Spatio-temporal pattern of plant communities along a hydrologic gradient in Everglades tree islands." Forest Ecology and Management 421, no. : 16-31.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in American Journal of Plant Sciences
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Tree species in coastal forests may exhibit specialization or plasticity in coping with drought through changes in their stomatal morphology or activity, allowing for a balance between gas exchange and water loss in a periodically stressful environment. To examine these responses, we sought to answer two primary research questions: a) how is variation in B. simaruba’s stomatal traits partitioned across hierarchical levels, i.e., site, tree, and leaf; and b) is variation in stomatal traits an integrated response to physiological stress expressed across the habitat gradient of Florida Keys forests? At eight sites distributed throughout the Keys, five leaves were collected from three mature trees for stomatal analysis. Leaf carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C) was determined to infer the changes in water use efficiency caused by physiological stress experienced by each tree. The results showed that substantial proportions of the total variance in three traits (stomatal density, stomatal size, and δ13C) were observed at all levels, suggesting that processes operating at each scale are important in determining trait values. A significant negative correlation between stomatal density and size across scales was observed. Path model analysis showed that environmental variables, distance to ground water and ground water salinity, affect leaf δ13C indirectly, via its effects on stomatal traits, not directly to leaf δ13C. Therefore, the combination of small and densely distributed stomata seems to represent a strategy that allows B. simaruba to conserve water under conditions of physiological drought induced by either higher ground water salinity or flooding stress at very low elevation.

ACS Style

Suresh C. Subedi; Michael S. Ross; Rosario Vidales; Jay P. Sah; Leonel Sternberg. Variation in Stomatal Characteristics of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., a Dominant Tree Species of Tropical Hardwood Hammock Forest across a Habitat Gradient in the Florida Keys. American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018, 09, 2120 -2139.

AMA Style

Suresh C. Subedi, Michael S. Ross, Rosario Vidales, Jay P. Sah, Leonel Sternberg. Variation in Stomatal Characteristics of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., a Dominant Tree Species of Tropical Hardwood Hammock Forest across a Habitat Gradient in the Florida Keys. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2018; 09 (10):2120-2139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suresh C. Subedi; Michael S. Ross; Rosario Vidales; Jay P. Sah; Leonel Sternberg. 2018. "Variation in Stomatal Characteristics of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., a Dominant Tree Species of Tropical Hardwood Hammock Forest across a Habitat Gradient in the Florida Keys." American Journal of Plant Sciences 09, no. 10: 2120-2139.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2016 in Diversity and Distributions
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In order to explore how variation in regional biogeography would affect forest responses to climate change, we analysed metacommunity structure of trees in natural forest fragments across a boundary between tropical and sub-tropical temperature regimes. We wished to determine whether species assemblages were constrained by periodic cold temperatures, dispersal limitation and/or local processes associated with fragment size, and consider how these influences might affect future species migration and community reassembly. Southeastern Florida, USA. We collected complete tree species lists for 144 forest fragments, from our own surveys supplemented by publicly available sources. The resulting species-by-site data matrix was re-ordered based on an ordination that identified the latent environmental axis most responsible for variation in composition, and metacommunity structure was analysed for coherence, turnover and range boundary clumping. Matrix structure was tested for associations with site variables, and with community-aggregated functional traits related to cold tolerance, dispersal limitation and fragment size. Forest patch size was the strongest single correlate with composition and species richness, but mean January temperature and a neighbourhood index denoting degree of isolation from other patches contributed significantly to regression models. The species-by-site matrix was highly nested, with trees common to small upland fragments in the Everglades interior representing a distinct subset of the richer assemblages found in sites closer to the coast. Interior forests were smaller, more isolated, and subject to cooler minimum temperatures than more coastal forests, and were comprised primarily of early-successional, animal dispersed species. While warming winter temperatures may relax some constraints on the northward migration of tropical species through the region, sea level rise will raise ground water levels, decreasing the size and number of suitable mesic patches, and increasing their isolation. The result will be a loss in tree species diversity, especially among late-successional, edge-sensitive species.

ACS Style

Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah; Pablo L. Ruiz; Adam A. Spitzig; Suresh C. Subedi. Inferring implications of climate change in south Florida hardwood hammocks through analysis of metacommunity structure. Diversity and Distributions 2016, 22, 783 -796.

AMA Style

Michael S. Ross, Jay P. Sah, Pablo L. Ruiz, Adam A. Spitzig, Suresh C. Subedi. Inferring implications of climate change in south Florida hardwood hammocks through analysis of metacommunity structure. Diversity and Distributions. 2016; 22 (7):783-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah; Pablo L. Ruiz; Adam A. Spitzig; Suresh C. Subedi. 2016. "Inferring implications of climate change in south Florida hardwood hammocks through analysis of metacommunity structure." Diversity and Distributions 22, no. 7: 783-796.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2013 in Fire Ecology
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ACS Style

Pablo L. Ruiz; Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross; Adam A. Spitzig. Tree Island Response to Fire and Flooding in the Short-Hydroperiod Marl Prairie Grasslands of the Florida Everglades, USA. Fire Ecology 2013, 9, 38 -54.

AMA Style

Pablo L. Ruiz, Jay P. Sah, Michael S. Ross, Adam A. Spitzig. Tree Island Response to Fire and Flooding in the Short-Hydroperiod Marl Prairie Grasslands of the Florida Everglades, USA. Fire Ecology. 2013; 9 (1):38-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pablo L. Ruiz; Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross; Adam A. Spitzig. 2013. "Tree Island Response to Fire and Flooding in the Short-Hydroperiod Marl Prairie Grasslands of the Florida Everglades, USA." Fire Ecology 9, no. 1: 38-54.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2013 in Wetlands
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Ecosystem management practices that modify the major drivers and stressors of an ecosystem often lead to changes in plant community composition. This paper examines how closely the trajectory of vegetation change in seasonally-flooded wetlands tracks management-induced alterations in hydrology and soil characteristics. We used trajectory analysis, a multivariate method designed to test hypotheses about rates and directions of community change, to examine vegetation shifts in response to changes in water management practices within the Taylor Slough basin of Everglades National Park. We summarized vegetation data by non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination, and examined the time trajectory of each site along environmental vectors representing hydrology and soil phosphorus gradients. In the Taylor Slough basin, vegetation change trajectories closely followed the hydrologic changes caused by the operation of water pumps and detention ponds adjacent to the canals. We also observed a shift in vegetation composition along a vector of increasing soil phosphorus, which suggests the need for implementing measures to avoid P-enrichment in southern Everglades marl prairies. This study indicates that shifts in vegetation composition in response to changes in hydrologic conditions and associated parameters may be detected through trajectory analysis, thereby providing feedback for adaptive management of wetland ecosystems.

ACS Style

J. P. Sah; M. S. Ross; S. Saha; P. Minchin; J. Sadle. Trajectories of Vegetation Response to Water Management in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida. Wetlands 2013, 34, 65 -79.

AMA Style

J. P. Sah, M. S. Ross, S. Saha, P. Minchin, J. Sadle. Trajectories of Vegetation Response to Water Management in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida. Wetlands. 2013; 34 (1):65-79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. P. Sah; M. S. Ross; S. Saha; P. Minchin; J. Sadle. 2013. "Trajectories of Vegetation Response to Water Management in Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida." Wetlands 34, no. 1: 65-79.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2011 in Ecosystems
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Spatial heterogeneity in soils is often characterized by the presence of resource-enriched patches ranging in size from a single shrub to wooded thickets. If the patches persist long enough, the primary constraint on production may transition from one limiting environmental factor to another. Tree islands that are scattered throughout the Florida Everglades basin comprise nutrient-enriched patches, or resource islands, in P-limited oligotrophic marshes. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to characterize the belowground environment (soil, hydrology) of one type of tree island, hardwood hammocks, and examined its relationship with the three structural variables (basal area, biomass, and canopy height) indicative of site productivity. Hardwood hammocks in the southern Everglades grow on two distinct soil types. The first, consisting of shallow, organic, relatively low-P soils, is common in the seasonally flooded Marl Prairie landscape. In contrast, hammocks on islands embedded in long hydroperiod marsh have deeper, alkaline, mineral soils with extremely high P concentrations. However, this edaphic variation does not translate simply into differences in forest structure and production. Relative water depth was unrelated to all measures of forest structure and so was soil P, but the non-carbonate component of the mineral soil fraction exhibited a strong positive relationship with canopy height. The development of P-enriched forest resource islands in the Everglades marsh is accompanied by the buildup of a mineral soil; however, limitations on growth in mature islands appear to differ substantively from those that dominate incipient stages in the transformation from marsh to forest.

ACS Style

Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah. Forest Resource Islands in a Sub-tropical Marsh: Soil–Site Relationships in Everglades Hardwood Hammocks. Ecosystems 2011, 14, 632 -645.

AMA Style

Michael S. Ross, Jay P. Sah. Forest Resource Islands in a Sub-tropical Marsh: Soil–Site Relationships in Everglades Hardwood Hammocks. Ecosystems. 2011; 14 (4):632-645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah. 2011. "Forest Resource Islands in a Sub-tropical Marsh: Soil–Site Relationships in Everglades Hardwood Hammocks." Ecosystems 14, no. 4: 632-645.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2010 in Applied Vegetation Science
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Questions: How are the early survival and growth of seedlings of Everglades tree species planted in an experimental setting on artificial tree islands affected by hydrology and substrate type? What are the implications of these responses for broader tree island restoration efforts? Location: Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA), Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. Methods: An experiment was designed to test hydrological and substrate effects on seedling growth and survivorship. Two islands – a peat and a limestone‐core island representing two major types found in the Everglades – were constructed in four macrocosms. A mixture of eight tree species was planted on each island in March of 2006 and 2007. Survival and height growth of seedlings planted in 2006 were assessed periodically during the next two and a half years. Results: Survival and growth improved with increasing elevation on both tree island substrate types. Seedlings' survival and growth responses along a moisture gradient matched species distributions along natural hydrological gradients in the Everglades. The effect of substrate on seedling performance showed higher survival of most species on the limestone tree islands, and faster growth on their peat‐based counterparts. Conclusions: The present results could have profound implications for restoration of forests on existing landforms and artificial creation of tree islands. Knowledge of species tolerance to flooding and responses to different edaphic conditions present in wetlands is important in selecting suitable species to plant on restored tree islands

ACS Style

Susana L. Stoffella; Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah; Rene M. Price; Pamela L. Sullivan; Eric A. Cline; Leonard J. Scinto. Survival and growth responses of eight Everglades tree species along an experimental hydrological gradient on two tree island types. Applied Vegetation Science 2010, 13, 439 -449.

AMA Style

Susana L. Stoffella, Michael S. Ross, Jay P. Sah, Rene M. Price, Pamela L. Sullivan, Eric A. Cline, Leonard J. Scinto. Survival and growth responses of eight Everglades tree species along an experimental hydrological gradient on two tree island types. Applied Vegetation Science. 2010; 13 (4):439-449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana L. Stoffella; Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah; Rene M. Price; Pamela L. Sullivan; Eric A. Cline; Leonard J. Scinto. 2010. "Survival and growth responses of eight Everglades tree species along an experimental hydrological gradient on two tree island types." Applied Vegetation Science 13, no. 4: 439-449.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2010 in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
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ACS Style

Bradford M. Clement; Jose Javier; Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross. The effects of wildfires on the magnetic properties of soils in the Everglades. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2010, 36, 460 -466.

AMA Style

Bradford M. Clement, Jose Javier, Jay P. Sah, Michael S. Ross. The effects of wildfires on the magnetic properties of soils in the Everglades. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2010; 36 (4):460-466.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bradford M. Clement; Jose Javier; Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross. 2010. "The effects of wildfires on the magnetic properties of soils in the Everglades." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 36, no. 4: 460-466.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2006 in International Journal of Wildland Fire
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In forests, the effects of different life forms on fire behavior may vary depending on their contributions to total fuel loads. We examined the distribution of fuel components before fire, their effects on fire behavior, and the effects of fire on subsequent fuel recovery in pine forests within the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys. We conducted a burning experiment in six blocks, within each of which we assigned 1-ha plots to three treatments: control, summer, and winter burn. Owing to logistical constraints, we burned only 11 plots, three in winter and eight in summer, over a 4-year period from 1998 to 2001. We used path analysis to model the effects of fuel type and char height, an indicator of fire intensity, on fuel consumption. Fire intensity increased with surface fuel loads, but was negatively related to the quantity of hardwood shrub fuels, probably because these fuels are associated with a moist microenvironment within hardwood patches, and therefore tend to resist fire. Winter fires were milder than summer fires, and were less effective at inhibiting shrub encroachment. A mixed seasonal approach is suggested for fire management, with burns applied opportunistically under a range of winter and summer conditions, but more frequently than that prevalent in the recent past.

ACS Style

Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross; James R. Snyder; Suzanne Koptur; Hillary C. Cooley. Fuel loads, fire regimes, and post-fire fuel dynamics in Florida Keys pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2006, 15, 463 -478.

AMA Style

Jay P. Sah, Michael S. Ross, James R. Snyder, Suzanne Koptur, Hillary C. Cooley. Fuel loads, fire regimes, and post-fire fuel dynamics in Florida Keys pine forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2006; 15 (4):463-478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jay P. Sah; Michael S. Ross; James R. Snyder; Suzanne Koptur; Hillary C. Cooley. 2006. "Fuel loads, fire regimes, and post-fire fuel dynamics in Florida Keys pine forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 4: 463-478.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2004 in Forest Ecology and Management
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Species-specific allometric equations that provide estimates of biomass from measured plant attributes are currently unavailable for shrubs common to South Florida pine rocklands, where fire plays an important part in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems. We developed equations to estimate total aboveground biomass and fine fuel of 10 common hardwood species in the shrub layer of pine forests of the lower Florida Keys. Many equations that related biomass categories to crown area and height were significant (p < 0.05), but the form and variables comprising the best model varied among species. We applied the best-fit regression models to structural information from the shrub stratum in 18 plots on Big Pine Key, the most extensive pine forest in the Keys. Estimates based on species-specific equations indicated clearly that total aboveground shrub biomass and shrub fine fuel increased with time since last fire, but the relationships were non-linear. The relative proportion of biomass constituted by the major species also varied with stand age. Estimates based on mixed-species regressions differed slightly from estimates based on species-specific models, but the former could provide useful approximations in similar forests where species-specific regressions are not yet available.

ACS Style

J.P. Sah; M.S. Ross; S. Koptur; J.R. Snyder. Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2004, 203, 319 -329.

AMA Style

J.P. Sah, M.S. Ross, S. Koptur, J.R. Snyder. Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 2004; 203 (1-3):319-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J.P. Sah; M.S. Ross; S. Koptur; J.R. Snyder. 2004. "Estimating aboveground biomass of broadleaved woody plants in the understory of Florida Keys pine forests." Forest Ecology and Management 203, no. 1-3: 319-329.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2003 in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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Recent research makes clear that much of the Everglade’s flora and fauna have evolved to tolerate or require frequent fires. Nevertheless, restoration of the Everglades has thus far been conceptualized as primarily a water reallocation project. These two forces are directly linked by the influence of water flows on fire fuel moisture content, and are indirectly linked through a series of complex feedback loops. This interaction is made more complex by the alteration and compartmentalization of current water flows and fire regimes, the lack of communication between water and fire management agencies, and the already imperiled state of many local species. It is unlikely, therefore, that restoring water flows will automatically restore the appropriate fire regimes, leaving the prospect of successful restoration in some doubt. The decline of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow, and its potential for recovery, illustrates the complexity of the situation.

ACS Style

Julie L. Lockwood; Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah. Smoke on the Water: The Interplay of Fire and Water Flow on Everglades Restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2003, 1, 462 -468.

AMA Style

Julie L. Lockwood, Michael S. Ross, Jay P. Sah. Smoke on the Water: The Interplay of Fire and Water Flow on Everglades Restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2003; 1 (9):462-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julie L. Lockwood; Michael S. Ross; Jay P. Sah. 2003. "Smoke on the Water: The Interplay of Fire and Water Flow on Everglades Restoration." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 9: 462-468.