Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death in the population with diabetes mellitus. This study purposed to determine clinical laboratory markers that might be correlated with the risk of CVD in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Using data from the Clinical Center of the University of Debrecen from 2016 to 2020, we assessed cardiovascular risk in 5593 individuals with T2DM over a five-year follow-up period. There were 347 new cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke during the period. Following the stratification of these individuals into two groups according to the diagnosis of these CVDs until 2020, the risk of these CVDs was assessed through the utilization of the Chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The findings of the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that the number of HbA1C measurements per year (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.7), decreased levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.04–2.47), and elevated triglyceride levels (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.06–2.29) were correlated with CVD in patients with T2DM. The area under the curve (AUC) was increased from 0.557 (95% CI 0.531–0.582) to 0.628 (95% CI 0.584–0.671) after the inclusion of the laboratory variables into the model showing improved discrimination for AMI and stroke. Conclusions: These findings indicated that eGFR, triglyceride, and the number of HbA1C per year are correlated with AMI and stroke in patients with T2DM.

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus represents a major public health burden in Hungary and is associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. This study examined cross-sectional associations between habitual dietary intake and self-reported diabetes prevalence in a nationally representative Hungarian sample. Methods: Data from 5603 participants aged ≥15 years in the 2019 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) were analyzed. Survey-weighted logistic regression models assessed associations between dietary variables and self-reported diabetes, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, income, employment, and physical activity. Dietary variables were energy-adjusted using the residual method. Results: Higher odds of diabetes were observed among individuals who reported obesity (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.96–3.72), lower educational attainment (OR: 0.73 for high school vs. <high school; 95% CI: 0.55–0.99), and unemployment (OR: 0.66 for employed vs. unemployed; 95% CI: 0.46–0.95). Lower odds were observed among participants reporting regular physical activity (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43–0.81) and less frequent processed meat consumption (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76). Inverse associations were also observed for moderate dessert consumption, whereas strong positive associations were identified for adherence to special diets (OR: 9.24; 95% CI: 7.09–12.06) and dietitian consultation (OR: 6.30; 95% CI: 4.13–9.61). Conclusions: In this nationally representative cross-sectional analysis, dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were statistically associated with diabetes prevalence. The results should be interpreted cautiously, as observed associations may reflect behavioral changes following diagnosis rather than causal relationships. Prospective studies are required to clarify temporal direction and underlying mechanisms.

Background/Objectives: Oral diseases are highly prevalent in Hungary and driven in part by unhealthy beverage consumption, smoking, and other behaviors. No prior study has examined the impact of beverage consumption patterns on oral health in a representative Hungarian population. This study investigated the association between beverage intake, lifestyle factors, and oral health outcomes among Hungarian adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Oral health outcomes and key exposures, including beverage consumption, smoking, alcohol use, and sociodemographic variables, were self-reported. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Among 5425 adults, higher dairy intake was linked to less gum bleeding (odds ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence intervals [0.59–0.96]) and lower odds of teeth missing (0.63 [0.47–0.86]). Weekly juice intake reduced gum bleeding (0.62 [0.51–0.76]) and missing teeth (0.83 [0.71–0.96]). Daily soda was associated with more gum bleeding (1.94 [1.53–2.47]), caries (1.57 [1.27–1.94]), and poor self-perceived oral health (1.32 [1.10–1.59]). Alcohol (1–4 times/week) increased gum bleeding (1.38 [1.07–1.77]) and tooth mobility (1.47 [1.02–2.11]). Smoking raised odds for caries (1.42 [1.21–1.66]) and missing teeth (1.81 [1.55–2.10]). Conclusions: Increasing dairy and fresh juice intake while reducing sugar-sweetened and acidic beverages, alongside tobacco and alcohol control and routine oral health screening, are effective strategies for improving population oral health across all sociodemographic groups.