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The development of specialized agricultural villages (DSAVs) is essential for rural revitalization. However, most current studies focus on the formation of specialized agricultural villages (SAVs), while the interpretation of DSAVs from the perspective of the geographical factors is still missing. In this study, we firstly employed the kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial pattern of DSAVs and then utilized the Geographic Detectors to explore which geographical factor(s) affected the SAVs of Henan, China in the formation (in 2010), steady (2011–2014), and rapid development (2015–2019) period of SAVs. The DSAVs were measured by gross product (GP), the employment rate (ER), and farmers’ income (FI) of SAVs. Eleven indicators described the geographic factors in five categories: terrains, resources, locations, markets, and economy. The results showed that the spatial pattern of DSAVs was from relatively uneven in the early formation to significantly clustering in the development period of SAVs. Specialized shiitake and Chinese herbal villages clustered in the mountain–plain transition zone. The aggregation of specialized coarse cereals villages was in the hill–plain transition zone. Specialized fruit and livestock villages gathered in the plain region. Further analyses were in these regions; compared with SAVs’ formation’s critical factors, the importance of terrain and location factors to DSAVs was decreasing, while market and economic factors were increasing in the development period of SAVs. The strongest changing was the development of specialized shiitake villages in the mountain–plain transition zone. These findings could provide guidance for the direction of DSAVs in underdeveloped areas.
Ning Niu; Xiaojian Li; Li Li. Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Development of Specialized Agricultural Villages in the Underdeveloped Region of China. Land 2021, 10, 698 .
AMA StyleNing Niu, Xiaojian Li, Li Li. Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Development of Specialized Agricultural Villages in the Underdeveloped Region of China. Land. 2021; 10 (7):698.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNing Niu; Xiaojian Li; Li Li. 2021. "Exploring the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Development of Specialized Agricultural Villages in the Underdeveloped Region of China." Land 10, no. 7: 698.
Rural settlements in China have been experiencing unprecedented transformation since the economic reforms of the late 1970s. This paper examines population movement over the post-reform era and how this affects settlement patterns in an inland nonmetropolitan county-level city region with a well performing economy. It is found that the settlement size distribution in Gongyi is generally transforming from a traditional rural pattern to one that features an urban system, taking place in the form of “in situ urbanisation” and “rural urbanisation”. Without experiencing mass out-migration and in line with the transition of China's political economy, Gongyi has developed its local urban system in parallel with the life and spatial cycles of city-based urbanisation in China. From the perspective of urbanisation cycles, “in situ urbanisation” underpinned by relevant socioeconomic and political conditions is argued to be both theoretically meaningful and practically useful in the context of the evolving settlement systems in China and less urbanised countries.
Li Li; Xiaojian Li; Beibei Hai; Xuefeng Wang; Jiawei Xu. Evolution of rural settlement in an inland nonmetropolitan region of China at a time of rapid urbanisation: The case of Gongyi. Journal of Rural Studies 2020, 79, 45 -56.
AMA StyleLi Li, Xiaojian Li, Beibei Hai, Xuefeng Wang, Jiawei Xu. Evolution of rural settlement in an inland nonmetropolitan region of China at a time of rapid urbanisation: The case of Gongyi. Journal of Rural Studies. 2020; 79 ():45-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Li; Xiaojian Li; Beibei Hai; Xuefeng Wang; Jiawei Xu. 2020. "Evolution of rural settlement in an inland nonmetropolitan region of China at a time of rapid urbanisation: The case of Gongyi." Journal of Rural Studies 79, no. : 45-56.
Despite the rising interest in understanding the population flows across cities, few empirical studies have paid close attention to their network characteristics and determining factors. Using the Tencent Location Big Data, this paper first analyzes the spatial patterns of interregional population mobility among 328 Chinese cities and aims to identify the influential factors associated with population flows based on the exponential random graph model (ERGM). Supported by social network analysis method, we found that the spatial distribution patterns of population flows were relatively stable, showing a diamond shape with 7 central points, with the most attractive cities located in east developed urban agglomerations. Nevertheless, the proportion of cities with a positive population inflow in the west increased. The subgroup structure gained by Walktrap algorithm suggested that the intra-province flows comprised the majority. Furthermore, variants of ERGMs were used to determine geographic, demographic, economic, natural, and linguistic factors, as well as others related to the level of facilities. The results are in line with the neoclassical economics theory and the amenity-led theory, while amenities' factor played a more significant role. Our research can provide important insights for strengthening network connections among cities to achieve more balanced regional development.
Weili Zhang; Zhaohui Chong; Xiaojian Li; Guibo Nie. Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent Location Big Data. Cities 2020, 99, 102640 .
AMA StyleWeili Zhang, Zhaohui Chong, Xiaojian Li, Guibo Nie. Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent Location Big Data. Cities. 2020; 99 ():102640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWeili Zhang; Zhaohui Chong; Xiaojian Li; Guibo Nie. 2020. "Spatial patterns and determinant factors of population flow networks in China: Analysis on Tencent Location Big Data." Cities 99, no. : 102640.
The development of specialized villages in China is an interesting trend. This paper studies specialized villages in China by using the rational small household theory, division of labor and specialization concepts, as well as the distance decay and neighborhood effect theories. We use the census data on specialized villages in Henan Province (the largest agricultural province in China) from 2010 as the basis for a case study, applying dummy variables representing sixteen types of specialized villages, and selecting environmental variables, such as land form, location, arable land area, and labor force characteristics. We find that significant factors related to specialization are location and production factors. Policy implications of this research are discussed.
Xiaojian Li; Xinyue Ye; Xiongfei Zhou; Chunhui Zheng; Mark Leipnik; Fan Lou. Specialized Villages in Inland China: Spatial and Developmental Issues. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2994 .
AMA StyleXiaojian Li, Xinyue Ye, Xiongfei Zhou, Chunhui Zheng, Mark Leipnik, Fan Lou. Specialized Villages in Inland China: Spatial and Developmental Issues. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):2994.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaojian Li; Xinyue Ye; Xiongfei Zhou; Chunhui Zheng; Mark Leipnik; Fan Lou. 2018. "Specialized Villages in Inland China: Spatial and Developmental Issues." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 2994.
There has been little scholarly research on Chinese agriculture’s geographic pattern of agglomeration and its evolutionary mechanisms, which are essential to sustainable development in China. By calculating the barycenter coordinates, the Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and specialization indices for 11 crops during 1981–2012, we analyze the evolutionary pattern and mechanisms of agricultural agglomeration. We argue that the degree of spatial concentration of Chinese planting has been gradually increasing and that regional specialization and diversification have progressively been strengthened. Furthermore, Chinese crop production is moving from the eastern provinces to the central and western provinces. This is in contrast to Chinese manufacturing growth which has continued to be concentrated in the coastal and southeastern regions. In Northeast China, the Sanjiang and Songnen plains have become agricultural clustering regions, and the earlier domination of aquaculture and rice production in Southeast China has gradually decreased. In summary, this paper provides a political economy framework for understanding the regionalization of Chinese agriculture, focusing on the interaction among the objectives, decisionmaking behavior, path dependencies and spatial effects.
Erling Li; Ken Coates; Xiaojian Li; Xinyue Ye; Mark Leipnik. Analyzing Agricultural Agglomeration in China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 313 .
AMA StyleErling Li, Ken Coates, Xiaojian Li, Xinyue Ye, Mark Leipnik. Analyzing Agricultural Agglomeration in China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErling Li; Ken Coates; Xiaojian Li; Xinyue Ye; Mark Leipnik. 2017. "Analyzing Agricultural Agglomeration in China." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 313.
Micro-perspective studies on economic geography in China can be classified into geography of the enterprise, geography of the rural household, and small-scale studies on economic activities. Literature on geography of the enterprise includes spatial expansion of the enterprise, industrial location, firm's networks, industrial relocation, industrial clusters, and the relationship between industrial organizations and the environment. Studies on geography of the rural household (GRH) include the theoretical framework of GRH, the locations of rural economic activities, and the interrelation between rural households and geographical environment. Small-scale studies focus on human-land interaction from a land plot perspective, relations between specialized villages and the environment, and regional sustainable development research at site-specific scale. Micro-perspective studies on economic geography attempt to search for the basic unit of economic-geographical landscape, exploring the geographical process and the formation mechanism of geographical phenomena. The exploration of these three perspectives anticipates new approaches to economic-geographical studies with China's special background.
Xiaojian Li; Qing Luo; Beibei Hai. Progress in the micro-perspective studies of economic geography in China since 1980s. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016, 26, 1041 -1056.
AMA StyleXiaojian Li, Qing Luo, Beibei Hai. Progress in the micro-perspective studies of economic geography in China since 1980s. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2016; 26 (8):1041-1056.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaojian Li; Qing Luo; Beibei Hai. 2016. "Progress in the micro-perspective studies of economic geography in China since 1980s." Journal of Geographical Sciences 26, no. 8: 1041-1056.