Suicide, a major contributor to global mortality rates, especially among young patients, remains insufficiently integrated into public health initiatives despite notable progress in identifying its determinants. The prediction of suicidal behavior remains complex, often relying on subjective assessments rather than objective biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as rs110402 (CRHR1 gene), rs3800373 (FKBP5 gene), and rs2289656 (NTRK2 gene) have been linked to physiological mechanisms involving stress response and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which contributes to anxiety and stress regulation. This study aimed to assess stress-related gene polymorphisms in individuals with suicidal behavior compared to controls. According to our results, the presence of the A allele of rs2289656 was associated with a protective effect, while the GG genotype conferred a higher susceptibility to suicidal behaviors. Significant associations were observed between trauma and abuse history and the rs110402 polymorphism in CRHR1 gene, highlighting a protective role for the GG genotype and increased predisposition to stress-related psychiatric conditions and suicidal behavior for A allele carriers. No valid associations were found for rs3800373 in the FKBP5 gene, although suggestive trends related to depression and self-aggression were noted. Our findings underscore the need to identify reliable biomarkers associated with suicide risk, highlighting the importance of integrating hereditary and psychosocial data to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to support the development of effective early interventions.

Suicidality is a complex multifactorial phenomenon strongly associated with major depression and other psychiatric disorders. Building on evidence implicating the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in modulating the immune and inflammatory processes characterizing psychiatric disorders, we hypothesized that specific HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 variants may contribute to an increased genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior. Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) typing by sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was performed on a sample of 196 individuals, including 70 non-lethal suicide attempters, 28 cases of completed suicide, and matched controls. The *HLA-DQB1 02/06 (RR 1.60, CI95% 1.22–2.09, p = 0.03 *) and *HLA-DRB1 11/15 (RR 1.70, CI95% 1.3–2.24, p = 0.04 *) genotypes and the HLA-DRB115~DQB103 haplotype (RR 1.58, CI95% 1.22–2.04, p = 0.03 *) were found to favor suicidal behavior. Psychosocial determinants associated with an increased suicidal risk were bereavement of close relatives (linked with HLA-DQB1*02), memory dysfunction (HLA-DQB1*06), disillusionment (HLA-DRB1*07 and HLA-DRB1*15), and self-harm (HLA-DRB1*15). Our findings support the contributory role of HLA polymorphisms in shaping susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, with a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation encompassing both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Despite growing clinical awareness, diagnostic delay remains a significant challenge, and the evolution of clinical and histopathological features following gluten-free diet (GFD) initiation remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to compare the clinical, serological, and histopathological profile of adults with newly diagnosed CD and those maintained on a long-term GFD. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 50 adult patients with biopsy-confirmed CD: 16 at the time of diagnosis (gluten-consuming) and 34 on a GFD for at least one year. All participants underwent standardized clinical assessment, serological testing (IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase [tTG] and/or IgA anti-endomysial antibodies [EMAs]), upper digestive endoscopy with duodenal biopsies graded according to the Marsh–Oberhuber classification, and evaluation for Helicobacter pylori co-infection. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square test, as appropriate. Results: Newly diagnosed patients exhibited a significantly longer median duration from symptom onset to diagnosis compared to the GFD group (p = 0.03). Histopathological severity was greater in the newly diagnosed group, with more advanced Marsh–Oberhuber grades (p = 0.03). Among individual symptoms, bloating was significantly more frequent in newly diagnosed patients (p = 0.02). Notably, thrombocytosis was identified significantly more often in the newly diagnosed group compared to GFD patients (p = 0.02), representing a potentially underrecognized extraintestinal marker of active CD. Overall rates of intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations and CD-specific seropositivity did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: The clinical and histopathological profile of adults with celiac disease differs meaningfully between the time of diagnosis and during GFD adherence. Bloating and thrombocytosis were significantly more prevalent at diagnosis, with thrombocytosis emerging as a potentially underrecognized marker of active disease. Conversely, several manifestations persisted despite dietary treatment, underscoring the heterogeneous nature of CD across its clinical course. These findings may support earlier disease recognition and more individualized follow-up strategies in routine clinical practice.

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance represents an important patient-safety concern in surgical departments, where empirical therapy, invasive procedures, intensive-care exposure, and healthcare-associated infections may contribute to adverse outcomes. This study aimed to describe temporal changes in institutional surveillance indicators related to microbiological testing coverage, selected antimicrobial-resistance phenotypes among clinical isolates, selected-antibiotic use profiles, and infection-related patient-safety outcomes in surgical departments and the intensive care unit of a Romanian tertiary clinical emergency hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, single-center observational study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2025. Data were extracted from four institutional sources: microbiology laboratory records, pharmacy antimicrobial-use data, the infection prevention and control registry, and the clinical-administrative hospital information system. Microbiological testing coverage, the selected resistance phenotypes and healthcare-associated infection indicators were analyzed at semester level, with selected-antibiotic DDD profiles being analyzed at department level. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Cochran–Armitage trend testing, Fisher’s exact test, and exploratory Spearman correlation. Results: The hospital-wide microbiological testing intensity index based on 1892 antibiogram events among 8141 antibiotic-treated patient records increased significantly from 18.05% (Semester I 2023) to 28.20% (Semester II 2025). When expressed as proportions of clinical isolates, E. coli MDR decreased from 10/136 isolates (7.4%) in Semester II 2023 to 0/122 isolates (0.0%) in Semester II 2025, and S. aureus MRSA+MLSB decreased from 11/36 isolates (30.6%) to 0/22 isolates (0.0%) over the same interval. Undetected several semesters, P. aeruginosa XDR/PDR accounted for 4/25 clinical isolates (16.0%) in the final semester. Selected-antibiotic DDD profiles differed across departments, with General Surgery and ICU accounting for the largest selected-antibiotic totals. Preoperative bacteriological screening increased from 48 tests in Semester I 2024 to 329 tests in Semester II 2025, MRSA-positive screening results decreasing from 10/48 (20.8%) to 2/329 (0.6%) over this interval, this finding being interpreted descriptively because the screened population and screening protocol could not be fully standardized retrospectively. Among 46 validated cases of healthcare or Clostridioides difficile infections, the overall mean length of stay was 15.35 days, peaking at 20.80 days in surgical departments. Conclusions: Routinely collected hospital data can generate useful institutional surveillance signals related to antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use, and infection-related patient safety. Increased microbiological testing coverage and lower proportions of selected MDR/MRSA phenotypes were observed during the study period, while late detection of XDR/PDR P. aeruginosa highlighted the need for sustained microbiological surveillance and department-specific stewardship review.