A new species Sinosenecio yangii D.G. Zhang & Q. Zhou (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated based on its morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It closely resembles S. confervifer and S. guangxiensis, the former in the scapigerous habit and smooth and glabrous achene surface, the latter in the calyculate involucre and purple abaxial leaf surface, and both in the shape and indumentum of leaf lamina, but differs markedly from the latter two in having fewer capitula and epappose achenes. Phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and ndhC-trnV sequences shows that this new species belongs to the S. latouchei clade and is sister to S. guangxiensis with moderate support.

The evolution of spermatophytes (seed plants) is relatively well known in their evolutionary relationships over temporal changes, but their spatial evolution is another critical yet often neglected lens, especially using a taxon‐based approach. Here, by integrating geographic distributions and origin locations across 429 spermatophyte families worldwide with unsupervised machine learning approaches, we constructed a Spermatophyte Spatial Evolutionary System that classifies global spermatophytes into 18 distribution types and six distribution supertypes within three primary floristic elements: cosmopolitan, tropical, and temperate. We found that the three elements all primarily originated from Gondwana, with the cosmopolitan element being the youngest and the temperate element being the oldest in terms of origin. They primarily formed during the Tertiary, particularly between the Eocene and Miocene, driven mainly by climate, long‐distance dispersal, and tectonic movement, while each exhibited distinct migration routes and formation models. Our results provide novel insights into the spatial evolution of global spermatophytes and highlight that similar distribution patterns of spermatophytes were driven by their comparable formation processes and mechanisms at the levels of floristic element, distribution supertype, and type.

A new species Sinosenecio yangii D.G. Zhang & Q. Zhou (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated based on its morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It closely resembles S. confervifer and S. guangxiensis, the former in the scapigerous habit and smooth and glabrous achene surface, the latter in the calyculate involucre and purple abaxial leaf surface, and both in the shape and indumentum of leaf lamina, but differs markedly from the latter two in having fewer capitula and epappose achenes. Phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and ndhC-trnV sequences shows that this new species belongs to the S. latouchei clade and is sister to S. guangxiensis with moderate support.

Corydalis microflora and C. lidenii are recognised as separate species in “Flora of China” and the latest plant list. However, based on the examination of type specimens and field investigations, C. lidenii is shown to be conspecific with C. microflora. As a result, C. lidenii is synonymised with C. microflora in this study.

A new species of Papaveraceae, Corydalis sunhangii, in the section Trachycarpae, is described and illustrated from Nyingchi City, Xizang, China. The new species has some resemblance to Corydalis kingdonis, but differs by radical leaves prominent, usually several, blade tripinnate (vs. insignificant, few, blade bi‐ to triternate); cauline leaf usually one, much smaller than radical leaves, usually situated in lower half of stem (vs. usually two, larger than radical leaves, concentrated in upper third of stem); racemes densely 13–35‐flowered (vs. rather lax, 4–11‐flowered); claw of lower petal shallowly saccate (vs. very prominently and deeply saccate); capsule oblong, with raised lines of dense papillae (vs. broadly obovoid, smooth). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 68 protein‐coding plastid genes of 49 samples, shows that C. sunhangii is not closely related to any hitherto described species, which is consistent with our morphological analysis.