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In order to improve innovation performance, it is necessary to analyze a series of processes that are connected to innovation performance, as well as R&D input. Since industrial characteristics affect innovation performance, the differences between corporate R&D capabilities in the industrial sector should also be considered. This study verified the effect of R&D capabilities and absorptive capacities on innovation using a structural equation model for Korean manufacturing companies, and analyzed in-depth the relationship between capability and performance of high- and low-tech sectors through multi-group analysis. The results show that internal and external R&D capabilities had a positive effect on absorptive capacities, and potential absorptive capability had a positive effect on realized absorptive capacity. In addition, internal R&D capability and realized absorptive capacity had a positive effect on innovation, and the mediating effect of absorption capacities could be identified. As a result of industry sector-specific analysis, the latent mean of internal R&D capability and innovation of the high-tech sector were higher, and the path coefficient of the high-tech sector from the internal R&D capability to potential absorptive capacity and innovation performance was more strongly identified than those of the low-tech sector. Based on the results of this study, we would like to present policies for the development of firm’s R&D capabilities by the industry sector.
Jaeseong Kim; Sang Ok Choi. A Comparative Analysis of Corporate R&D Capability and Innovation: Focused on the Korean Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2020, 6, 100 .
AMA StyleJaeseong Kim, Sang Ok Choi. A Comparative Analysis of Corporate R&D Capability and Innovation: Focused on the Korean Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020; 6 (4):100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaeseong Kim; Sang Ok Choi. 2020. "A Comparative Analysis of Corporate R&D Capability and Innovation: Focused on the Korean Manufacturing Industry." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4: 100.
Each individual member of an organization must recognize and lead innovation, which can be affected by human resource development (HRD) investments and organizational changes. In this study, we aimed to verify how HRD investment at the individual level relates to employee perceptions of organizational innovativeness and to examine how the intensity of organizational change, a situational factor at the organizational level, affects the relationship between HRD investment and employee perceptions of organizational innovativeness through multilevel analysis using hierarchical linear models. We performed an analysis based on the responses from 5184 workers and 125 companies where corporate-level and personal-level data were matched in a Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) survey. HRD investment by employees was shown to increase the perception of organizational innovativeness. The results demonstrated that the intensity of organizational change moderated the relationship between HRD investment and the perception of organizational innovativeness. However, the stronger the organizational change intensity, the weaker the positive effect of HRD investment on the perception of organizational innovativeness. Finally, we presented theoretical and practical implications and further research tasks related to the HRD of corporations and open innovation.
Jaeseong Kim; Sang Choi. The Intensity of Organizational Change and the Perception of Organizational Innovativeness; with Discussion on Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2020, 6, 66 .
AMA StyleJaeseong Kim, Sang Choi. The Intensity of Organizational Change and the Perception of Organizational Innovativeness; with Discussion on Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020; 6 (3):66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaeseong Kim; Sang Choi. 2020. "The Intensity of Organizational Change and the Perception of Organizational Innovativeness; with Discussion on Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 3: 66.
Although prior studies explored the effectiveness of innovation policy in terms of firm’s collaboration and innovation output, few studies examined a nature of these effects. This paper addresses this gap by investigating policy effects on firm’s collaboration regarding a type of partnerships and innovation output in terms of a novelty. The empirical analyses from logistic regression and propensity score matching with the data from Korea Innovation Survey 2014 of manufacturing industries reveal that public support leads to increased collaboration and innovation output in overall. Moreover, a magnitude of effects is cumulative along with the extent of a policy scheme. However, the effect on innovation output seems to be only captured by a high degree of the support. These results implicate that a certain threshold level of intervention is needed to trigger innovation outcome. This paper contributes to the understanding of policy effectiveness regarding a nature of innovation activities.
Kiman Kim; Sang Ok Choi; Sooyeon Lee. The Effect of a Financial Support on Firm Innovation Collaboration and Output: Does Policy Work on the Diverse Nature of Firm Innovation? Journal of the Knowledge Economy 2020, 12, 645 -675.
AMA StyleKiman Kim, Sang Ok Choi, Sooyeon Lee. The Effect of a Financial Support on Firm Innovation Collaboration and Output: Does Policy Work on the Diverse Nature of Firm Innovation? Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2020; 12 (2):645-675.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiman Kim; Sang Ok Choi; Sooyeon Lee. 2020. "The Effect of a Financial Support on Firm Innovation Collaboration and Output: Does Policy Work on the Diverse Nature of Firm Innovation?" Journal of the Knowledge Economy 12, no. 2: 645-675.
With the introduction of a wide variety of new technologies during the fourth industrial revolution, companies in Korea have attempted to enhance their innovation activities, which include investment in new technology adoption, technical and non-technical innovation factors, and Research & Development (R&D) activity, to ensure the development and growth of their business performance and sustainability. In particular, IT and business services, two important industries in Korea, have been impacted by the development of new technology and have sought to adopt new technologies as soon as possible to survive in a rapidly changing business environment. The aim of our study is to empirically explore the effect of innovation activities on the performance of Korean IT and business service companies. To achieve this aim, we examine the innovation activities and business performance of 160 companies (80 large companies and 80 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)) in the IT and business service industries in Korea from 2009 to 2017. This study empirically analyzes panel data using fixed effect and random effect models with Hausman tests. According to our results, an improvement in product innovation has a positive impact on business performance (i.e., revenue and labor productivity) in both large companies and SMEs, as does R&D investment, research resources, and company age. However, an improvement in process innovation only has a positive impact on the business performance of large companies, and R&D cooperation only has a positive impact on the business performance of SMEs. As a result, both large companies and SMEs should concentrate on technological innovations to improve their sustainability and thus ensure their success in the long term.
Seung Hoo Jin; Sang Ok Choi. The Effect of Innovation Capability on Business Performance: A Focus on IT and Business Service Companies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5246 .
AMA StyleSeung Hoo Jin, Sang Ok Choi. The Effect of Innovation Capability on Business Performance: A Focus on IT and Business Service Companies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeung Hoo Jin; Sang Ok Choi. 2019. "The Effect of Innovation Capability on Business Performance: A Focus on IT and Business Service Companies." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5246.
Purpose: The advancement of technologies and their adoption affects the socio-economic growth of nations. This research is focused on how this innovation adoption path is linked to economic growth of nations since the previous IT revolution has been combined with existing industries and adding values in terms of applying intelligence through adopting digital technologies. Approach/Design/Methodology: There are two different approaches—process approach and factor approach—in innovation adoption research. Innovation diffusion research, which is one of the process approaches, is related to adoption, diffusion, and impact theories, but there are limitations in explaining the perspective of a nation other than individual and organization on the basis of previous literatures. Therefore, we build the integrative model to verify innovative growth path of nations by applying Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DoI) and Technology (T)-Organization (O)-Environment (E) framework, which can explain factors of affecting innovation. We evaluate eight hypotheses with data collected from 137 to 212 nations using international information index by credible organizations: World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank, United Nations (UN), and International Communications Union (ITU), based on the integrative model we proposed. The path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is performed, and the result shows that the path from technological innovation capabilities (T), human capital (O), and environment (E) is related directly to economic impact, except for the path from human capital to value chain breadth directly and indirectly. The indirect path through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access, use, and value chain helps to understand the full impact of digital innovation. Practical implications: By verifying this relationship, we expect to give suggestions in policy perspective and in building strategy towards innovative growth of countries. Our results show that technological innovation capabilities take time to show impact in terms of economic growth than the other factors, which are human capital, and political and regulatory environment of country. The nurture of human capital directly affects to the economic growth of nations relative to other T and E factors. The political and regulatory environment support stable ICT usage, which gives impact to the economic growth of nations.
Hyunjee Park; Sang Ok Choi. Digital Innovation Adoption and Its Economic Impact Focused on Path Analysis at National Level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2019, 5, 56 .
AMA StyleHyunjee Park, Sang Ok Choi. Digital Innovation Adoption and Its Economic Impact Focused on Path Analysis at National Level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2019; 5 (3):56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyunjee Park; Sang Ok Choi. 2019. "Digital Innovation Adoption and Its Economic Impact Focused on Path Analysis at National Level." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3: 56.
In Korea, cooperation between university and company is mainly encouraged by government policy as the Triple Helix’s statist model. Since 2003, the government started a variety of university financial support program, and in 2014, it reached to the point that 31 ministries conducted 408 programs in total. Most projects focused on training human resources and supporting Research and development, which is considered as the core function of universities, but some of the projects are designed to support the industry–academia cooperation. For instance, the Ministry of Education ran ‘Leaders in University and Industry Cooperation (LINC)’ program. LINC is a follow-up project of Human Resources Development for the Leading Industries, Industry–Academia Cooperation-oriented University, and Focal Point Research program. Accordingly, it aimed to create university–industry cooperative models, and nurture talents based on regional economy’s demand. The program provided approximately $230M per year for over 50 universities across the country. It was one of the highly influential grant programs considering the fact that there are about 200 universities nationwide and an annual budget of university is $900 billion on average. In this context, this study is to assess the influence of resources of universities capacity on the achievement of university–industry cooperation and explore whether a government-initiated policy has a significant effect using data from government information disclosure system on education.
Gyeong Min Nam; Dae Geon Kim; Sang Ok Choi. How Resources of Universities influence Industry Cooperation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2019, 5, 9 .
AMA StyleGyeong Min Nam, Dae Geon Kim, Sang Ok Choi. How Resources of Universities influence Industry Cooperation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2019; 5 (1):9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGyeong Min Nam; Dae Geon Kim; Sang Ok Choi. 2019. "How Resources of Universities influence Industry Cooperation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 1: 9.
As the era of the fourth Industrial revolution begins, there is high demand for new information technology (IT) innovation to address the challenges of a dramatically changing industrial landscape. The construction industry, which is one the most important traditional industries in Korea, has adopted new IT innovation in their products to meet customer demand, regulation from government, energy efficiency, security, and so on. The aim of our study is to empirically clarify the impact of technology innovation on the business performance for Korean domestic construction conglomerates. The study performs an empirical analysis with time series analysis on business performance from the perspective of client satisfaction with the services the target companies provide and the production process improvement, as well as from a financial perspective. As analysis data, statistical data from the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning; Brand Stock; Bank of Korea; and each company are utilized, and the target companies for our study are limited to 19 construction companies with an apartment brand. Multiple regression analysis is used as a fundamental analysis methodology of our study. For Time Series Analysis, the Box Jenkins Model, namely, ARIMA is utilized. According to our results, it is found that any improvement of IT convergence innovation competence such as business efficiency IT index, collaboration IT index, and strategy management IT index has a positive impact on the production process, financial performance, and customer satisfaction with the services the companies provide.
Dae Geon Kim; Sang Ok Choi. Impact of Construction IT Technology Convergence Innovation on Business Performance. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3972 .
AMA StyleDae Geon Kim, Sang Ok Choi. Impact of Construction IT Technology Convergence Innovation on Business Performance. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDae Geon Kim; Sang Ok Choi. 2018. "Impact of Construction IT Technology Convergence Innovation on Business Performance." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3972.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of job mismatch on pay, job satisfaction, and performance of doctoral level researchers, based on the job-environment fit theory. The study analyzed 2273 sample data used in the survey, based on the ‘2013 Ph D. Research Survey’ from the Institute for Science and Technology Policy (STEPI) in Korea. The results showed that the degree of job-mismatch of doctors has a significant effect on overall pay, job satisfaction, and performance. Specifically, job mismatch of the Ph.D. workforce both negatively affected pay and job satisfaction. In addition, in terms of the relationship between job mismatch, pay, job satisfaction, and job performance, the mediating effect of pay and job satisfaction was confirmed. The implication of the research is that it is crucial to approach the accomplishment of an outstanding workforce based on the concept of job mismatch so that excellent and highly educated human resources can be placed in the right place to maximize their individual qualities and academic knowledge. Considering that job mismatch eventually has a negative impact on research performance through the mediation of pay and job satisfaction, it is necessary to promote strategies to utilize advanced talent, which includes job mismatch, economic incentives, such as salaries, and psychological compensation, such as job satisfaction.
Si-Jeoung Kim; Sang Ok Choi. The Effects of Job Mismatch on Pay, Job Satisfaction, and Performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2018, 4, 49 .
AMA StyleSi-Jeoung Kim, Sang Ok Choi. The Effects of Job Mismatch on Pay, Job Satisfaction, and Performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4 (4):49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi-Jeoung Kim; Sang Ok Choi. 2018. "The Effects of Job Mismatch on Pay, Job Satisfaction, and Performance." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 4: 49.
Purpose: As the development of high technology, information and communications technology (ICT) and e-government has pursued improving efficiency, productivity, democracy, responsiveness and transparency in government, the demand for efficient government administration systems and government transparency has increased. Thus, this study aims to derive factors contributing to decreases in corruption based on a literature review, and to examine the relationship between e-government and government corruption through a cross-country analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study first analyzed how government corruption in each country is influenced by e-government user status, governance, and regulations. With ICT and e-government development as mediating variables, the effects of various factors on government corruption were examined by country. That is, the mediating effects of ICT use and e-government development (telecommunication infrastructure, online service, e-participation) were assessed in order to define the relationship between users, governance, regulations and government corruption. This study ensured objectivity of data by utilizing statistics provided by credible organizations such as the Transparency International (TI), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and United Nations (UN) and differs from past research in that it focused on the mediating effects of e-government. In this study, a cross-country analysis (with data from 120 countries), a three-step analysis of the mediating effects (Baron and Kenny, 1986) and a Sobel test (empirical analysis) were used. Results: The results of the analysis show a significant relationship between e-government user levels, governance, government regulation, and government corruption. In addition, the level of current ICT development and e-government partially mediated the effects of user levels, governance and government regulation on decreases in government corruption. These results show that the development of ICT and e-government mediate and contribute to a decrease in government corruption, and that increased utilization of ICT and monitoring government actions using such technologies will be one major factor in decreasing government corruption. Implications: These findings suggest an efficient and effective direction for future anti-corruption strategies in government policy making and implementation processes.
Kangwon Lee; Sang Ok Choi; Jinha Kim; Mijin Jung. A Study on the Factors Affecting Decrease in the Government Corruption and Mediating Effects of the Development of ICT and E-Government—A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2018, 4, 41 .
AMA StyleKangwon Lee, Sang Ok Choi, Jinha Kim, Mijin Jung. A Study on the Factors Affecting Decrease in the Government Corruption and Mediating Effects of the Development of ICT and E-Government—A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4 (3):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKangwon Lee; Sang Ok Choi; Jinha Kim; Mijin Jung. 2018. "A Study on the Factors Affecting Decrease in the Government Corruption and Mediating Effects of the Development of ICT and E-Government—A Cross-Country Analysis." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 3: 41.
The leadership and performance of organizations is a key research topic in the public administration field. Based on Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, one of the most popular leadership theories in public administration, this study classifies principals’ leadership styles and examines the relationship between leadership type and students’ academic achievement. In this study, Korean education longitudinal data from 2005 to 2007 are analyzed. Using four models, we observe which factors affect academic achievement, while controlling for family and school factors. The finding is that authority-obedience management and team management have significant effects on academic achievement. This finding is consistent with previous research on Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid. However, leadership is not influential when controlling for family factors, which aligns with previous studies that reconfirm the idiosyncratic nature of the Korean setting. Therefore, we need to study how to boost the leadership qualities that can enhance organizational performance.
Ki Woong Cho; Seong Ho Yi; Sang Ok Choi. Does Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid work?: the relationship between leadership type and organization performance in South Korea. International Review of Public Administration 2018, 23, 103 -118.
AMA StyleKi Woong Cho, Seong Ho Yi, Sang Ok Choi. Does Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid work?: the relationship between leadership type and organization performance in South Korea. International Review of Public Administration. 2018; 23 (2):103-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKi Woong Cho; Seong Ho Yi; Sang Ok Choi. 2018. "Does Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid work?: the relationship between leadership type and organization performance in South Korea." International Review of Public Administration 23, no. 2: 103-118.
Sang Ok Choi; Ki Woong Cho. Reforming National Response Governance for Prevention of Respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases after the 2015 MERS Outbreak in Korea. Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 2017, 13, 1 -21.
AMA StyleSang Ok Choi, Ki Woong Cho. Reforming National Response Governance for Prevention of Respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases after the 2015 MERS Outbreak in Korea. Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis. 2017; 13 (10):1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang Ok Choi; Ki Woong Cho. 2017. "Reforming National Response Governance for Prevention of Respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases after the 2015 MERS Outbreak in Korea." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 13, no. 10: 1-21.
Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate the Dimensions Of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) framework from the perspective of public sector organizations. We have used performance indicator data after organizational learning inspired intervention in a semi-autonomous network of public sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach This study used original administrative data to track the learning progress, as measured by a ratio of access to funding sources. The study also collected survey data using tailored DLOQ instruments and then determined the efficacy of DLOQ framework for public sector organizations. Several data analysis techniques were used to specify a final set for the learning organization instrument with construct validity and instrument reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was selected to test the construct validity for the measurement of the dimensions of the learning organization and to verify the adequacy of the item to factor associations and the number of dimensions underlying the construct. Findings We found evidence that confirms that the organizational level (particularly the system connection) has a positive impact on organizational performance and a mediating effect on the relationships between the individual/group levels of learning organization characteristics and organizational performance. This study extends the Watkins and Marsick’s (1993, 1996) learning–organization framework that helped to produce case-specific outcomes such as the extent of error reduction. This framework provides a useful structure for other researchers to study learning dimensions and their relationships with other organizational performance variables. The results also show evidence of internal consistency and the construct reliability of the dimensions of the learning organization. Research limitations/implications Care should be taken in generalizing the structural equation model identified in this study. Because of the multidimensional and complex nature of the learning organization, the research setting for this study might be only one of the possible settings that specify the relationships among different levels of the learning organization and performance outcomes. There are rather complicated interactions among these dimensions and in each attribute of a learning organization. Originality/value This study theoretically confirms that the organizational level (particularly the system connection) has a positive impact on organizational performance and a mediating effect on the relationships between the individual/group levels of learning organization characteristics and organizational performance. This study also methodologically shows evidence of internal consistency and the construct reliability of the learning organization measures along with significant efficiency gain in theory.
Mohan P. Pokharel; Sang Ok Choi. Exploring the relationships between the learning organization and organizational performance. Management Research Review 2015, 38, 126 -148.
AMA StyleMohan P. Pokharel, Sang Ok Choi. Exploring the relationships between the learning organization and organizational performance. Management Research Review. 2015; 38 (2):126-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohan P. Pokharel; Sang Ok Choi. 2015. "Exploring the relationships between the learning organization and organizational performance." Management Research Review 38, no. 2: 126-148.
Extensive scholarly debate still exists on the determinants of local policy decisions. Although many studies have explained how political, economic, institutional, and demographic factors influence local policy decisions, they have rarely applied the concept of QoL in existing public administration and policy literature. To examine the impact of QoL on local policy decisions, this study tests the relationships between QoL and local budgetary decisions, based on Peterson’s (1981) scheme that divides policy into three areas: developmental, allocational, and redistributive. Using local government expenditures and citizen surveys data from 167 municipalities in the U.S., this study finds that community QoL is a critical factor in all of the three policy spending areas. It also confirms that the impact of QoL on local spending is moderated differently across the three areas by city income levels. The findings may help local government scholars and practitioners to better understand complex and dynamic citizen needs, which in turn may result in more responsive policy decisions.
Myeong Chul Ko; Sang Ok Choi. The Effects of Community Quality of Life on Local Policy Decisions. Applied Research in Quality of Life 2014, 10, 667 -687.
AMA StyleMyeong Chul Ko, Sang Ok Choi. The Effects of Community Quality of Life on Local Policy Decisions. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 2014; 10 (4):667-687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyeong Chul Ko; Sang Ok Choi. 2014. "The Effects of Community Quality of Life on Local Policy Decisions." Applied Research in Quality of Life 10, no. 4: 667-687.
This study integrates characteristics of e-voting technologies, political contexts, and behaviors with the technology acceptance model (TAM) to empirically examine how security principles, election types, and political ideology influence overall user intention to use an e-voting system. Structural equation analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression used on estimates of 228 surveys reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, accuracy, and confidentiality have direct and indirect impacts on intention to use e-voting. While usefulness has statistically positive effects on voters' intention to use e-voting in different effects of political election types, political ideology does not drive user's adoption of the e-voting system.
Sang Ok Choi; Byung Cho Kim. Voter Intention to Use E-Voting Technologies: Security, Technology Acceptance, Election Type, and Political Ideology. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 2012, 9, 433 -452.
AMA StyleSang Ok Choi, Byung Cho Kim. Voter Intention to Use E-Voting Technologies: Security, Technology Acceptance, Election Type, and Political Ideology. Journal of Information Technology & Politics. 2012; 9 (4):433-452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang Ok Choi; Byung Cho Kim. 2012. "Voter Intention to Use E-Voting Technologies: Security, Technology Acceptance, Election Type, and Political Ideology." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 9, no. 4: 433-452.