The search for renewable energy supplies for today’s global energy demand, particularly ocean wave energy for coastal areas, has become undeniably widespread in the last two decades. The Caspian Sea represents an immense opportunity for using ocean renewable energy, especially considering its long shoreline. In this study, the locations with maximum potential wave energy were chosen in the central, eastern, and western zones of the Caspian Sea’s southern coasts. Accordingly, the wave and bathymetric data were used as the input to calculate the oscillating surge wave energy converter’s flap geometric dimensions based on previous studies. Then, the geometric model was designed, and then the wave energy converters were modeled in the Wave Energy Converter Simulator (WEC-Sim) module in the MATLAB software. Furthermore, eight models in each sea state were simulated to find the best value of the PTO damping coefficient, which led to the highest capture factor. Finally, all the external forces on the WEC’s flap and the converter’s power output results were compared, taking into account the effects of the flap height on the total power output. It was found that Nowshahr port has more potential than the Anzali and Amirabad ports, as the converter’s absorbed power proved to be 16.7 kW/m (Capture factor = 63%) at this site. Consequently, by conducting a comparative analysis between the selected sites, the excitation, radiation damping, and power take-off forces were scrutinized. The results show that the highest applied forces to the converter’s flap occurred at Nowshahr port, followed by the Anzali and Amirabad ports, due to the directional characteristics of the waves at the central coasts of the Caspian Sea.

High pressure in water distribution networks may lead to more leakages, bursts, and excessive consumption. Therefore, an effective strategy to improve the reliability of the network is pressure management. Many indices have been proposed to quantify the hydraulic performance and reliability of water networks. The fuzzy reliability index is one of the indices proposed to focus on nodal pressure and pipe head losses. Fixed outlet pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are low cost and efficient tools for pressure management programs. In this study, a simulation-optimization model is developed to find optimum locations and set pressures for PRVs in the existing networks to maximize the fuzzy reliability index and minimize the costs of performing pressure management program. Applying the model in a high-pressure case study water distribution network shows that using some PRVs can balance and limit the pressure in a specified range. Moreover, applying the Young conflict resolution theory on solutions of multiobjective optimization allows decision makers to select appropriate option for pressure management considering their available budget and constraints.