Backgroud: The aim of this study was to create an accessible, simple and reliable method for assessing the relative density of bone tissue in dentistry based on the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs. Methods: Measurement of average gray values on orthopantomograms was carried out using ImageJ Version 1.54i software. To estimate the relative bone density, functions for selecting regions of interest (ROI), calculating the area of selection, and statistics of the selected area were used. Statistical characteristics of samples and testing of hypotheses using statistical criteria were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: we found that when manually selecting the reference and comparison areas for areas without signs of pathological changes in bone tissue, the average standard deviation was 0.058, and the coefficient of variation was 0.055 ± 0.011%, which makes the choice of the jaw angle as a reference more preferable. The average relative bone density of the assessed defective areas to the jaw angle was 0.64 ± 0.11, and the average relative bone density of the areas without pathology to the jaw angle was 1.052 ± 0.058. Conclusions: a research protocol was developed and justified using the ImageJ software package, which establishes a strict procedure for quantitative assessment of relative bone density based on the results of digital panoramic radiography. The proposed protocol can be used to monitor the condition of bone tissue after all types of dental treatment over time.

Dental treatment using dental implants with partial and complete absence of teeth is becoming a priority among all methods of orthopedic dental treatment. One of the urgent issues is the justification of the choice of fixation of prostheses on implants. To date, screw, cement and combined fixation of prosthetic structures based on dental implants are distinguished. Understanding the biomechanical properties, manufacturing features, and fixation of the prosthesis will help the clinician choose the ideal design for each clinical case, as well as improve the final aesthetic and functional results. Currently, the most important task of practical dentistry is the prevention of complications associated with the peculiarities of prosthetics on dental implants. The purpose of the study: to analyze the complications of dental treatment using non-removable orthopedic structures supported by dental implants using various methods of fixation. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a three–year clinical study of 136 dental implants with different types of fixation of orthopedic structures: 46 with cement fixation, 52 with screw fixation and 38 with combined fixation. A dental examination of 50 patients was performed with the recording of clinical and radiological parameters. Statistical differences between the groups were determined using Pearson’s chi-square test (at p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study make it possible to identify structures with a combined type of fixation as a priority in prosthetics on dental implants due to their excellent aesthetics, occlusion, and ease of manufacture, reduction of the patient’s stay in the dental chair and a low level of all types of complications.

Background. Dental implantology occupies a leading place in the system of comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with dentition defects and has established itself as the safest and the most predictable method. Success of dental implants treatment largely depends on the timely identification and exclusion of risk factors related to development of complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis (peri-implant diseases). However, at the moment, there is no clear understanding about etiology and pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases, which casts doubt on the effectiveness of the applied treatment and prevention protocols. Objective. To summarize the available data on the causes and potential risk factors for the development of peri-implant diseases. Material and methods. A search was conducted for publications in three electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary, Google Search, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO from 2013 to 2024, including the results about studying the influence of various factors on the outcome of dental implants and the occurrence of peri-implant diseases, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures for peri-implantitis. Based on the selection criteria, 69 publications were selected that were included in the systematic review. The methodology complies with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) requirements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results. The main etiological factors in the development of peri-implant diseases, the influence of these factors on the outcome of dental implants along with the development of postoperative complications, and modern approaches of prevention of peri-implantitis are described. Conclusion. The presented detailed systematic analysis showed that the treatment and prevention of peri-implant diseases is an urgent problem and requires a comprehensive understanding of the etiology and risk factors for their occurrence to provide highly functional, aesthetic and long-term treatment of patients with dental implants. The data obtained during the study will help practicing dentists in determining the prognosis of peri-implantitis and developing complex treatment and preventive measures.