Objectives: We aimed to prospectively examine the associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among Chinese hypertensive adults. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in 150 391 hypertensive participants aged 30–79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank study of 512 891 participants recruited from 10 diverse areas across China during 2004–2008. Participants with heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer at baseline were excluded. Results: During 1069 863 person-years of follow-up (median 7.1 years), a total of 5332 men and 4384 women died. Compared with hypertensive participants in the lowest level of total physical activity, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.80 (0.76–0.84), 0.69 (0.65–0.73), and 0.67 (0.62–0.72) for those in quartiles 2–4 (P_trend < 0.001), respectively. Inverse associations were also observed for cardiovascular mortality. Being active in occupational, domestic, and leisure time were associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, the adjusted ratio for active commuting was 1.08 (1.02–1.15) for all-cause mortality. High levels of low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity physical activity were consistently associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Among Chinese hypertensive adults, a higher level of physical activity reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of intensities of physical activity. Not only leisure-time but also occupational and domestic physical activities were benefited.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are disorders, abnormalities, or failures in the function of the heart, blood vessels, or circulation [1]. With the growing globalization, urbanization, and population ageing, CVDs have been the leading cause of death globally, bringing a heavy social and economic burden to countries worldwide [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 17.9 […]

Child malnutrition remains a major public health crisis globally [1]. According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports, more than 149.2 million children under five years old suffer from malnutrition and the majority of these come from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [2,3]. Though the prevalence of malnutrition under five years old has decreased in China […]

Respiratory diseases (RD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major health concerns, which have contributed to a huge burden on society [1]. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a serious chronic RD, was responsible for 2638.2 global age-standardised point prevalence and 42.5 deaths per 100 000 population [2], […]

Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a major cause of premature death worldwide in the 21st century. Despite being asymptomatic, it is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation [1–4]. In 2010, it was estimated that 1.39 billion people worldwide had hypertension, with a […]

Limited epidemiological information exists on the relationships between fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) components and glaucoma risk. Moreover, the potential mediation effect of serum uric acid (UA) levels remains unexplored. Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) spanning 2011-2020 were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard models and quantile-based g-computation (qg-computation) models were applied to determine the associations of PM_2.5 and its five components (including sulfate [SO₄²⁻], nitrate [NO₃⁻], ammonium [NH₄⁺], organic matter [OM], and black carbon [BC]) with glaucoma risk. A causal mediation model was applied to assess the mediation effect of serum UA. Individual exposure to PM_2.5 mass and its five components was positively associated with glaucoma risk, respectively. The mixture of PM_2.5 components were significantly and positively associated with glaucoma risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.45), with NH₄⁺ and BC contributing the most (proportions: 81% and 19%, respectively). These associations were modified by sex and residence. Elevated serum UA levels played a mediated role in the association between PM_2.5 mass and its five chemical components and glaucoma, with mediated proportions ranging from 12% to 15%. Prolonged exposure to PM_2.5 components, especially NH₄⁺ and BC, may elevate the glaucoma risk among Chinese middle-aged and older people, and elevated serum UA levels may play a key mediating role.