Background: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common age-related conditions that frequently coexist, forming a syndrome known as osteosarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, while osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and altered bone quality. Together, they significantly increase the risk of falls, fractures, and functional decline in older adults. Summary: Osteosarcopenia arises from shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional deficiencies. These factors contribute to a cycle of musculoskeletal deterioration. In addition to systemic pathways, local muscle-bone crosstalk mediated by myokines and osteokines plays a critical role. Management requires a comprehensive approach. Nutritional interventions such as adequate protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake, along with anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, support musculoskeletal health. Resistance and weight-bearing exercises are essential to maintain muscle and bone mass. Pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis include bisphosphonates, denosumab, and anabolic agents, while investigational therapies for sarcopenia, such as selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors, offer potential benefits. Key Messages: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis share risk factors and often coexist in older adults. Early diagnosis and integrated treatment strategies are essential. Nutrition, exercise, and pharmacologic interventions can mitigate the burden of osteosarcopenia. A combined approach is more effective than treating each condition separately and may reduce falls and improve quality of life.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength, which leads to an increased risk of developing fractures. Interestingly, this metabolic disorder is often related to sarcopenia, defined as decreased muscle mass, strength, and function. These two conditions appear to be closely connected, leading to a clinical condition named osteosarcopenia (OS). Aging may explain the link between muscle and bone loss through genetic, mechanical, endocrine, and nutritional factors. Further, aging increases the amount of adipose tissue, often due to sedentary behavior and unbalanced nutritional pattern, leading to a clinical condition defined as osteosarcopenic obesity, characterized by concurrent obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, where each condition exacerbates the others. Moreover, sarcopenia leads to decreased physical (PA) activity, worsening skeletal homeostasis, and creating a vicious cycle, which increases falls, fracture risk, and disability. This review underscores the importance of a systemic approach, focusing on nutritional therapy integrated with PA and, eventually, pharmacological interventions to efficiently manage (OS).

Background/Objectives: Weight-based stigma represents a pervasive psychosocial challenge affecting youth worldwide, with significant implications for mental and physical health. Although school-based interventions have been suggested as effective strategies to reduce weight bias, evidence regarding their content and efficacy in real-world educational contexts remains limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to reduce internalized weight stigma among Italian adolescents. Methods: A total of 539 secondary school students (Mage = 15.91 years; SD = 1.38; 51.5% males) from 10 schools in Italy were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (61.2%, n = 330) receiving the program or a minimal intervention control group (38.8%, n = 209). The intervention integrated psychoeducational modules and activities based on cognitive dissonance theory to address maladaptive weight-related attitudes and associated psychopathological outcomes. Pre- and post-intervention assessments evaluated internalized weight bias and body dissatisfaction in both groups. Results: A significant reduction in internalized weight bias was observed among students perceiving themselves as overweight following the intervention. Additionally, a marginally significant decrease in body dissatisfaction was reported in the intervention group from pre- to post-intervention. No comparable changes were found in the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that incorporating cognitive dissonance-based psychoeducational content within school-based programs may be a promising approach for reducing internalized weight stigma in adolescents. Further research is warranted to refine intervention strategies, explore the mechanisms underlying the observed effects, and assess the scalability and long-term impact of such initiatives in school settings.

Dysregulated eating behaviors, comprising subthreshold and clinical binge-eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are increasing among the general population, with a consequent negative impact on one’s health and well-being. Despite the severity of these outcomes, people with BED and BN often face a delay in receiving a diagnosis or treatment, often due to difficulties in accessing care. Hence, evidence-based and sustainable interventions for eating symptomatology are needed. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a web-based 10-session multidisciplinary group intervention based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for BED and BN, aimed at reducing psychological distress and binge-eating-related symptomatology in a sample of patients with dysregulated eating behaviors and including one session of nutritional therapeutic education. A total of 65 participants (84.6% F; age M = 38.5 ± 13.2; experimental group, N = 43; treatment-as-usual group, TAU, N = 22) took part in the study. The results show, after the 9 weekly sessions, a significant reduction in binge-eating-related symptomatology and general psychopathology and an increased self-esteem and eating self-efficacy in social contexts in the experimental group compared to the treatment-as-usual group (T0 vs. T1). Improvements in the experimental group were significantly maintained after one month from the end of the intervention (T2) in terms of binge-eating symptoms, general psychopathology, and eating self-efficacy in social contexts. This study supports the effectiveness of a brief web-based multidisciplinary group intervention in reducing eating symptomatology and psychological distress and enhancing self-esteem and eating self-efficacy in a group of people with dysregulated eating behaviors. Brief web-based interventions could represent an accessible and sustainable resource to address binge-eating-related symptomatology in public clinical settings.

This study explored the mediating role of internalised weight stigma in the relationship between the pressures exerted by health professionals to maintain a healthy weight and the symptoms of binge eating disorder (BED). A sample of 114 participants who screened positive for eating disorder symptoms, with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 or higher, primarily female, were enrolled at the Integrated Service for Eating Disorders at Sapienza University of Rome. BED symptoms, sociocultural influences on weight, internalised weight stigma, and psychological distress were assessed using report measures. Our findings show that pressures from health professionals were significantly associated with binge eating symptoms through an indirect pathway via internalised weight stigma, controlling for patients' BMI. This mediation effect lessens when exposure to general conversations about healthy weight is included as the independent variable. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics at play in obesity management and highlight the potential implications of healthcare communication strategies in overweight and obesity care. The study advocates for further research into developing more empathetic and effective approaches to obesity care. Weight stigma is defined as the discrimination against individuals based on their weight or body shape. Internalised weight stigma, or self-stigma, occurs when people who consider themselves overweight or with obesity have weight-based negative attitudes and stereotypes about themselves, with adverse outcomes on health. The weight-centred treatment approaches may underestimate the complexity of body weight and the increasing evidence that recommending weight loss is not always the primary nor the best choice for individuals’ well-being and overall functioning. Moreover, they could increase internalised weight stigma and its related negative outcomes. This study explored the mediating role of internalised weight stigma in the relationship between the pressures by health professionals to maintain a healthy weight and the symptoms of binge eating disorder (BED). A sample of 114 participants who screened positive for eating disorder symptoms, with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 or higher, primarily female, were enrolled at the Integrated Service for Eating Disorders at Sapienza University of Rome. Our findings show that pressures from health professionals were significantly associated with binge eating symptoms via internalised weight stigma. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the delicate role played by health professionals’ communication strategies in obesity management.

Food noise refers to persistent and intrusive thoughts about food that may interfere with daily functioning, emotional well-being, and eating behaviors. Although the construct has gained increasing attention in clinical and research contexts, no psychometrically sound tools are currently available in Italian to assess food noise. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Food Noise Questionnaire (FNQ). A total of 1087 participants (mean age 37.45 ± 10.35 years; 50.6% female) were enrolled in the investigation. Participants completed the Italian version of the FNQ, along with a convergent measure of food-related preoccupation and self-report measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional factor structure for the FNQ, with salient standardized factor loadings (range = 0.803–0.919) and strong internal-consistency reliability (categorical ω = 0.917). Evidence of convergent validity was provided by strong associations with food-related preoccupation (r = 0.831, p < 0.001), whereas discriminant validity was supported by smaller, yet significant, correlations with anxiety, depression, and perceived stress (r range = 0.350 to 0.417, p < 0.001). In addition, configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender was established within a multi-group framework. These findings provide evidence for the FNQ as a reliable and valid measure of food noise in the Italian adult population, demonstrating robust psychometric properties and gender-invariant measurement.