The Philippines, a country with abundant natural resources, has set a high 35% renewable energy (RE) share target by 2030. However, progress is slow with the implementation of its key policy mechanisms. Through the years, the Department of Energy has slowly increased the goals from 30% to 35% by 2030 and even up to 50% by 2050%. The key legal framework for the Philippine Renewable Energy sector is the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, which outlines key policy mechanisms: Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPSs), Net Metering, the Green Energy Auction Program (GEAP), and the Green Energy Option Program (GEOP). This paper analyzes the implementation and enforcement of the key policy mechanisms along with factors affecting their intended rollout. Along with the policy mechanism issues, this paper highlights key institutional and structural issues for the stakeholders of the RE sector. The main issues can be attributed to the incoherence of government agencies such as the Department of Energy (DOE), the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), and the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP). Other issues include insufficient transmission infrastructure, resistance from Distribution Utilities (DUs) and Electric Cooperatives (ECs), and weak Local Government Unit (LGU) participation. The paper provides recommendations on the key issues of policy mechanisms and structural and institutional bottlenecks. The main recommendations that will help achieve the intended purpose of the drivers of RE are to strengthen the National Renewable Energy Board (NREB) and other agency capabilities, provide financial incentives to utilities, streamline permitting and other processes, and prioritize grid development for areas with RE development. For the targets of the DOE to be achieved, the main drivers for the RE sector must be revisited and fixed at their core. Achieving the RE targets of the DOE will need strong leadership and sustained focus on renewable energy development led by the government.

Standard materials for middle clavicle implants are limited to Titanium and Stainless Steel; their high Young’s Modulus promotes stress shielding, which causes complications such as malunion or implant failure. This study investigates alternative materials, Cobalt Chromium, Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), Magnesium, and Polylactic Acid (PLA), along with the standard materials, to understand their stress distributions, assess the likelihood of stress shielding, and evaluate their viability through the use of ANSYS 2025 R1 Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The materials are tested with four plate variations: Superior Plate, Anteroinferior Plate, Thin Dual Plate, and Thick Dual Plate, subjected to a simultaneous load of 100 N compressive, 100 N bending, and 1 Nm torsional, and were compared according to their maximum von Mises Stresses in plate, bone, and fracture line. High Young’s Modulus materials (Titanium, Stainless Steel, and Cobalt Chromium) had maximum von Mises plate stresses ranging from 200 to 265 MPa. In contrast, lower Young’s Modulus materials (Magnesium, PEEK, and PLA) showed maximum von Mises stresses of only around 115 to 170 MPa. PLA showed insufficient material strength, with bone stresses being around 30 MPa greater than plate stresses. PEEK showed viability but failed in material strength for the superior plate variation, as its maximum von Mises Stress of 168.13 MPa exceeded the yield strength of 125 MPa. Magnesium showed the best results, with bone and plate stresses near each other, and passed all viability criteria, demonstrating good material strength and a low risk of stress shielding. The results reinforce the use of Titanium and Stainless Steel as standards, show the viability of Cobalt Chromium for patients needing increased stability but with risks of stress shielding, demonstrate Magnesium for bioabsorbability and low stress shielding risk, suggest PEEK for low load applications, and reveal that PLA has insufficient strength. The study provides a comprehensive comparison of different materials with various variations, which provides a foundation for future studies to analyze material behavior.