Creativity is a key capability that drives innovation and solves complex problems, serving as an important pathway to realizing personal potential. Based on social cognitive theory, this study constructs a theoretical model with classroom innovation atmosphere as the independent variable, student creativity as the dependent variable, AI technology application and intrinsic motivation as mediating variables, and self-efficacy as the moderating variable. A survey was conducted among 270 college students from the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai region, and Hayes’s PROCESS macro (Model 7) was employed to perform Bootstrap sampling (sample size = 5,000) for testing. The results show that: classroom innovation atmosphere has a significant positive impact on student creativity ( β = 0.182, p < 0.01); AI technology application (indirect effect = 0.0267, 95% CI [0.0034, 0.0598]) and intrinsic motivation (indirect effect = 0.1029, 95% CI [0.0281, 0.1820]) play significant mediating roles between classroom innovation atmosphere and creativity; self-efficacy not only positively moderates the relationship between classroom innovation atmosphere and AI technology application ( β = 0.339, p < 0.05) as well as intrinsic motivation ( β = 0.083, p < 0.05), but also moderates the indirect effects mediated by AI technology application and intrinsic motivation (moderated mediation indices were 0.0373, 95% CI [0.0023, 0.1195] and 0.6574, 95% CI [0.2512, 0.8066], respectively). The findings enhance the understanding of the relationship between classroom innovation atmosphere and student creativity, providing theoretical foundations and practical insights for educators to foster student creativity.

As online K-12 language teaching grows, teachers’ self-efficacy is critical but its factors in digital settings remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by examining the self-efficacy levels and influencing factors among online K-12 Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) teachers. Using a mixed-methods approach with data from 610 questionnaires and 13 interviews, results indicated generally high teachers’ self-efficacy. Key internal factors include gender, age, educational background, major, and teaching experience, while external environmental factors such as class size, platform support, training, and parental involvement also play a significant role. However, job status and weekly class hours did not show a significant impact. This study extends self-efficacy theory into the online CFL context and offers practical implications for digital pedagogy, platform design, and teacher training.

The tourism industry is driven by multiple factors. However, current research on the impact of culture on inbound and outbound tourism demand remains limited, particularly regarding the comparative effects of various types of cultural dissemination activities. This study employs time series analysis methods, collecting data on inbound tourist arrivals, tourism revenue, Confucius Institutes, international students in China, and cultural product exports. Vector autoregression (VAR) and impulse response functions (IRF) were used to analyze the short-term dynamics and long-term equilibrium relationships among these variables. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between cultural dissemination activities and inbound tourism demand, exhibiting a lagged effect. The long-run equilibrium relationship indicates a strong positive correlation between the number of international students and tourist arrivals. Furthermore, the number of Confucius Institutes positively impacts both tourist arrivals and tourism revenue. This study confirms the crucial role of cultural dissemination in promoting inbound tourism. However, different forms of cultural dissemination activities may influence tourism demand through distinct mechanisms. The findings suggest that cultural exchange activities not only stimulate inbound tourism demand but also help disperse visitor flows and enhance destination management, playing a vital role in achieving sustainable tourism development. Lastly, this study provides robust empirical evidence that aligns with UNESCO’s sustainable tourism indicators.

As China’s demographic transition deepens and fertility rates continue to decline, childbearing has shifted from a private family matter to a salient public issue. Social media platforms have become key arenas in which fertility-related concerns are articulated, negotiated, and publicly constructed. This study analyzes fertility-related user-generated content (UGC) from three major Chinese platforms—Sina Weibo, Douyin, and Toutiao—collected between 30 June and 31 December 2024. Using BERTopic-based topic modeling, sentiment quantification, and cross-platform comparison, the study examines how fertility discourse is thematically organized and emotionally expressed across different platform environments. The results reveal clear platform differentiation. Douyin primarily foregrounds individualized and relational narratives embedded in everyday family life, Toutiao emphasizes gender-neutral, macro-social and policy-oriented interpretations, while Sina Weibo centers on gender relations, institutional arrangements, and rights-based debate. Sentiment analysis indicates that fertility discourse on all three platforms exhibits an overall negative emotional orientation, though with varying intensity. Rather than reflecting uniformly pessimistic fertility attitudes, this negative bias is interpreted as a product of platformized public discourse. The study proposes an emotional filtering mechanism to explain how fertility-related emotions are selectively distributed across communicative spaces: problem-oriented and conflict-laden expressions are more likely to gain visibility in open public platforms. By integrating a platformization perspective, this study demonstrates how platform-specific communication logics shape both the thematic configuration and emotional structure of fertility discourse, offering new insights into the mediated construction of fertility concerns in contemporary China.