Within the field of remote sensing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) infrared object detection plays a pivotal role, especially in complex environments. However, existing methods face challenges such as insufficient accuracy or low computational efficiency, particularly in the detection of small objects. This paper proposes a lightweight and accurate UAV infrared object detection model, YOLO-UIR, for small object detection from a UAV perspective. The model is based on the YOLO architecture and mainly includes the Efficient C2f module, lightweight spatial perception (LSP) module, and bidirectional feature interaction fusion (BFIF) module. The Efficient C2f module significantly enhances feature extraction capabilities by combining local and global features through an Adaptive Dual-Stream Attention Mechanism. Compared with the existing C2f module, the introduction of Partial Convolution reduces the model’s parameter count while maintaining high detection accuracy. The BFIF module further enhances feature fusion effects through cross-level semantic interaction, thereby improving the model’s ability to fuse contextual features. Moreover, the LSP module efficiently combines features from different distances using Large Receptive Field Convolution Layers, significantly enhancing the model’s long-range information capture capability. Additionally, the use of Reparameterized Convolution and Depthwise Separable Convolution ensures the model’s lightweight nature, making it highly suitable for real-time applications. On the DroneVehicle and HIT-UAV datasets, YOLO-UIR achieves superior detection performance compared to existing methods, with an mAP of 71.1% and 90.7%, respectively. The model also demonstrates significant advantages in terms of computational efficiency and parameter count. Ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of each optimization module.

Accurate modeling of event sequences is valuable in domains like electronic health records, financial risk management, and social networks. Random time intervals in these sequences contain key dynamic information, and temporal point processes (TPPs) are widely used to analyze event triggering mechanisms and probability evolution patterns in asynchronous sequences. Neural TPPs (NTPPs) enhanced by deep learning improve modeling capabilities, but most suffer from limited interpretability due to predefined functional structures. This study proposes KANJDP (Kolmogorov–Arnold Neural Jump-Diffusion Process), a novel event sequence modeling method: it decomposes the intensity function via stochastic differential equations (SDEs), with each component parameterized by learnable spline functions. By analyzing each component’s contribution to event occurrence, KANJDP quantitatively reveals core event generation mechanisms. Experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets show that KANJDP achieves higher prediction accuracy with fewer trainable parameters.