As an experimental teaching method, emerging learning methods including problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning, team-based learning and flipped classroom (FC) have been widely applied in dental education. This study aims to evaluate the effect of these teaching methods on dental education performance compared to traditional lecture-based learning (LBL). The search was carried out in April 2024 in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. All randomized controlled trials were included and the methodological quality assessment was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, followed by a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 software. Using standard mean deviation (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to determine the effectiveness of emerging teaching methods and LBL in all dental disciplines. Meta-regression was used to analyse sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the stability, and Begg's analysis was used to determine whether there is publication bias. A total of 29 randomized controlled trials including 3502 students were included. The results indicate that emerging educational methods have a significantly positive effect on achieving higher scores (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.34-0.62, P < .001), whether it was theoretical scores (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32-0.72, P < .001) or skill scores (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.15-0.76, P < .001). Compared to LBL, PBL (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.01-0.65, P = .045) and FC (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31-0.69, P < .001) can both significantly improve students' academic performance. Compared to LBL, emerging educational methods (PBL, case-based learning, and FC) have significantly improved the learning effectiveness of dental students. These emerging educational methods can be advocated and popularized as routine teaching methods. This study is the first meta-analysis of the effects of emerging teaching methods in dental education which shows great impact of emerging teaching methods on students' development.

Omissions in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices may increase the risk of healthcare-associated infections, yet their underlying determinants remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to examine the extent of IPC omissions among nurses and identify contributing factors using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in China from October to December 2023. Quantitatively, 397 nurses completed a survey assessing IPC omissions using the Missed Nursing Care in Infection Prevention and Control (MNCIPC) scale. Qualitatively, semi-structured interviews were performed to further explored the causes and mechanisms of IPC omissions, and the data were analyzed using the CFIR framework. IPC omissions were common among nurses and varied substantially across practices, with omission rates ranging from 10.8% to 72.8%. A bipolar pattern in hand hygiene emerged: most nurses reported performing hand hygiene after gown removal or body fluid exposure, whereas omissions were frequently reported before patient contact and after touching patient surroundings. Agreement on the proposed contributing factors was low to moderate. The qualitative findings corroborated most of the quantitative factors and further expanded determinants across CFIR domains, including unequal nurse-physician accountability, risk perception bias, evidence-practice gaps, and limited authority of infection control personnel. IPC omissions among nurses were common and were shaped by interacting individual, contextual, and implementation-related factors, indicating a system-sensitive subtype of missed care. Improving IPC adherence requires shifting from individual blame to systems-based strategies that strengthen leadership, accountability, adaptive implementation, and context-sensitive training.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of non-specific low back pain (NLBP) over the past 12 months and to determine its associated factors among Chinese older people aged 60 years and over. Methods: A cross-sectional study on NLBP prevalence was conducted at seven communities between July 2024 and January 2025. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and labor-related factors were also collected. This study included those who had suffered from LBP over the past 12 months. The univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were used to examine the factors for the prevalence of LBP. Results: Of the 286 participants, 129 (45.1%) were females and 174 (60.8%) were in the 60–74 year age group. Overall, the prevalence of NLBP in Chinese people aged 60 and above was 26.2% (95% CI: 21.1, 31.4). Females (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 6.09, 95% CI: 3.09, 12.00), participants aged 85 years and over (aPR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.73), participants with a body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m ² (aPR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.85), being current smokers (aPR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.99, 9.69), being former drinkers (aPR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.38), having daily sitting reaching 8 h or longer (aPR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.39), no weekly exercise (aPR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.73), and daily work involving bending (aPR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.58, 4.48) were associated with NLBP. Conclusion: NLBP was common in Chinese people aged 60 years and above. Gender, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, daily sitting reaching 8 h or longer, weekly exercise, and daily work involving bending were associated with the prevalence of NLBP. This study calls for tailored interventions such as launching public health campaigns, organizing social and sporting events, encouraging ergonomic adaptations, and establishing surveillance systems to reduce the LBP burden among Chinese older people.

Despite numerous studies have examined the impact of obesity and poor nutritional status on the prognosis of critically ill patients, their relationship with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), particularly in older patients, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity, nutritional status, and early SA-AKI in older patients with sepsis. This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Older septic patients without pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5 or elevated serum creatinine (SCr; >1.2 mg/dL in males and > 1.1 mg/dL in females) at admission were included to focus on incident early SA-AKI. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI), and nutritional status was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as prognostic indicators. Multivariable logistic regression, multivariable fractional polynomial regression, and restricted cubic spline models were applied to analyze the associations between BMI, GNRI, PNI, and early SA-AKI. Additionally, the relationships between BMI, GNRI, PNI and outcomes were examined in early SA-AKI patients. Among 4238 older septic ICU patients without pre-existing renal dysfunction, approximately 50% developed SA-AKI within 48 h of Intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.65), obese (AOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.63-2.35), and severely obese (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.63-2.94) were associated with higher odds of early SA-AKI risk compared with normal weight patients, while each 1-point increase in BMI raised risk of early SA-AKI by 4% (95% CI 1.03-1.05). No significant correlations were found between GNRI or PNI and early SA-AKI risk. Among older patients with early SA-AKI, underweight (In-hospital mortality: AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.07-3.96; 6-month mortality: adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.88, 95% CI 1.21-2.92) and lower GNRI (In-hospital mortality: AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.00-3.22; 6-month mortality: AHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06-1.81) predicted higher in-hospital and 6-month mortality. In a selected cohort of older septic ICU patients without pre-existing renal dysfunction, overweight and obesity are associated with a higher risk of early SA-AKI. Once SA-AKI develops, underweight and poorer nutritional status are related to worse survival. These findings highlight the prognostic value of BMI and nutritional indices for risk stratification in this population. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these associations and explore their potential implications for risk stratification.