Time geography presents a conceptual framework to describe and understand the tourists' spatio-temporal behavior, according to which the effective reach of an individual is defined by time-space constraints and the path taken by the individual. In recent years, a growing number of studies within this framework have begun to use geographic information systems (GIS) tools and data gathered with the help of advanced tracking methods. These tools and the framework of time geography have been applied to the study of tourists' spatio-temporal behavior, mainly on a descriptive level; yet there is a scarcity of suitable tools for the advanced analysis of the high-resolution temporal and spatial data acquired with these new technologies. Driven by this shortage, the approach presented here attempts to shed light on the choices made and strategies implemented by tourists, within the constraints of time and space, by clustering tourists based on time-space allocation measures of their behavior. The feasibility of this approach was tested in an exploratory case study of the behavior of 68 first-time tourists in Hong Kong. The results show three distinct and consistent time-space strategies that were employed by tourists and point to the theoretical and practical advances that can be made by implementing the current approach.School of Hotel and Tourism Managemen

This paper is an Editorial for the Special Issue titled “OpenStreetMap as a multidisciplinary nexus: perspectives, practices and procedures”. The Special Issue is largely based on the talks presented in the 2019 and 2020 editions of the Academic Track at the State of the Map conferences. As such, it represents the most pressing and relevant issues and topics considered by the academic community in relation to OpenStreetMap (OSM)—a global project and community aimed to create and maintain a free and editable database and map of the world. In this Editorial, we survey the papers included in the Special Issue, grouping them into three research perspectives: applications of OSM for studies within other disciplines, OSM data quality, and dynamics in OSM. This survey reveals that these perspectives, while being distinct, are also interrelated. This calls for the formalization of an ‘OSM science’ that will provide the conceptual grounds to advance the scientific study of OSM, not as a set of individualized efforts but as a unified approach.

Tourists’ activity patterns result from complex interactions between time–space constraints and cognitive, social, cultural, and emotional factors. Accordingly, tourists’ intradestination activity is studied today from multiple perspectives. Yet knowledge regarding the interrelationships between these factors is limited. The current research aims to contribute to the bridging of this gap, by studying tourists’ activity patterns and the time–space resource allocation decisions they reflect. Using a smartphone application, 384 tourists’ activity days in the cities of Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem were tracked and characterized in terms of resource allocation patterns, identifying three distinct behavioral patterns. The effects of various personal and external factors on group membership were then assessed. The results uncover complex relationships between various decision-making dimensions, where interdimensional interactions occur at multiple spatial scales and decision-making instances. These findings suggest that activity patterns emerge from a decision time–space in which effects are contingent upon each other across scales and behavioral dimensions.

Organized mapping activities within OpenStreetMap frequently lead to the production of massive amounts of data over a short period. In this article we utilize a novel procedure to identify such large‐scale data production events in the history of OpenStreetMap and analyze their patterns. We find that events account for a significant share of OpenStreetMap data and that organizational practices have shifted over time towards local knowledge‐based events and well‐organized data imports. However, regions in the “Global South” remain dependent on remote mapping events, pointing to uneven geographies of representation. We also find that events are frequently followed by periods of increased activity, with the exact nature of effects depending on contextual elements such as previous events. These findings portray organized activities as a significant and unique component which requires consideration when using OpenStreetMap data and analyzing their quality.

The collaborative nature of activities in Web 2.0 projects leads to the formation of online communities. To reinforce this community, these projects often rely on happenings centred around data creation and curation activities. We suggest an integrated framework to directly assess online community member performance in a quantitative manner and applied it to the case study of OpenStreetMap. A set of mappers who participated in both field and remote mapping-related happenings was identified. To measure the effects of happenings, we computed attributes characterising the mappers’ contribution behaviour before and after the happenings and tested for significant impacts in relation to a control group. Results showed that newcomers to OpenStreetMap adopted a contribution behaviour similar to the contribution behaviour typical for the respective happening they attended: When contributing after the happening, newcomers who attended a remote mapping event tended to concentrate on creating new data with lower quality but high quantity in places foreign to their home region; newcomers who attended a field mapping event updated and enhanced existing local data with high accuracy. The behaviour of advanced mappers stayed largely unaffected by happenings. Unfortunately, our results did not reveal a positive effect on the community integration of newcomers through happenings.