The increase in the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) cells is a critical factor that negatively affects the efficiency of converting solar radiation into electrical energy. This phenomenon not only reduces energy conversion efficiency but also causes damage to PV components, thereby preventing the achievement of the intended energy production goals. Moreover, the heating of PV modules has two significant impacts: first, a reduction in energy efficiency, and second, a decrease in the lifespan of the solar cells. Therefore, projects aimed at producing clean electrical energy using PV solar panels must consider the study of installation sites for PV solar plants and the impact of environmental conditions on panel performance. Given that an increase in PV cell temperature reduces their productivity, this study examines the impact of ambient temperature on the maximum temperature reached by a PV solar panel and analyzes the results. The results show that installing solar panels in harsh environments characterized by high temperatures, such as Ouarzazate in Morocco, can cause these panels to reach critical temperature thresholds of up to 115°C under high solar flux, which can lead to solar system failure and thus the failure of the entire project. In addition, the heating of photovoltaic modules has two major impacts: firstly, energy efficiency is reduced by around 0.44% for every 1°C increase, and overall efficiency is reduced from 16% to less than 10% under extreme conditions; secondly, solar cell life is shortened. Finally, this study highlights the importance of carrying out thorough climatic and environmental assessments before establishing solar photovoltaic power plants. It also highlights the importance of employing high-performance cooling systems or innovative technologies to reduce the impact of heat on photovoltaic panels. This approach is essential to ensure the longevity and efficiency of solar photovoltaic installations, and to achieve our ambitions for sustainable, green energy production.

Thermal management of solar panels is a major challenge, particularly in hot climates, and has attracted growing interest from both researchers and professionals in the photovoltaic (PV) sector. In this study, a two-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of an aluminum box filled with a phase change material (PCM) used for cooling a solar panel. The impact of integrating horizontal fins placed either on one side or on both sides of the PV/PCM system, was also examined to optimize heat transfer and stabilize temperature. The simulations indicate that a configuration with five fins arranged on one side, spaced 18.25 mm apart, provides effective cooling. The use of RT25 PCM maintains the surface temperature at 28 °C for 100 minutes before it gradually increases without exceeding 65 °C. Similarly, RT35 also demonstrates good thermal performance, maintaining the temperature between 35 and 43 °C for 252 minutes before eventually reaching a peak of 61 °C. These results highlight the effectiveness of the fins and the critical role of PCM selection in enhancing the thermal regulation of solar panels.

This study aims to optimize the protection of photovoltaic (PV) systems against electrical disturbances, particularly voltage dips. The objective is to develop new methods for analyzing and managing these disturbances, which affects the power quality in electrical networks and causes the automatic disconnection of PV systems, leading to production losses and plant malfunctions. In addition, voltage dips represent a major challenge for industrial sectors, where they can cause production interruptions and process malfunctions, leading to economic losses and product quality degradation. This research proposes a method for real-time detection of voltage dips, by integrating the recloser settings within the monitoring system. This approach makes it possible to distinguish temporary outages, related to reclosing, from prolonged outages, thus avoiding unnecessary disconnections of PV systems. The method's performance has been validated by simulations carried out in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.