Soil compaction is a pivotal factor influencing crop growth and yield, and its accurate assessment is imperative for precision agricultural management. Soil mechanical resistance is the key indicator of soil compaction, with accurate measurement enabling precise assessment. Dynamic soil mechanical resistance measurement outperforms conventional manual fixed-point sampling in data acquisition efficiency. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for the dynamic acquisition of soil mechanical resistance using a flexible thin-film pressure sensor. This study dynamically captures soil mechanical resistance at three depths (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) under dynamic machinery operating conditions. A device was designed for the detection of soil mechanical resistance, and a prediction model for soil mechanical resistance was developed based on the Kalman filter algorithm. Tests were conducted under steady-state and variable-load conditions, and the predicted values accurately tracked the reference pressure. Soil tank trials showed that at an operating speed of 0.69–0.72 km/h, the average prediction errors for the three soil layers were 2.03%, 1.48%, and 6.27%, with the coefficient of determination (R²) between predicted and measured values reaching 0.96. The system effectively predicts multi-depth soil resistance, providing novel theoretical and technical approaches for dynamic acquisition.

Precision agriculture based on differentiated dosing of seeds and mineral fertilisers allows for enhancing soil fertility while simultaneously increasing crop yields and reducing production costs. The purpose of study is to increase the efficiency of differentiated dosing of seeds and mineral fertilisers. By determining the intra-field variability of nutrient elements, it has been revealed that the content of mobile nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and carbon (CO ₂ ) in the arable layer varies widely within one field. Based on the data obtained, the maps of the distribution of nutrients were constructed. The research tests of the drill seeder with the control and monitoring unit of seed metering device were conducted in this field conditions, and the results were processed using the method of variational statistics. The analysis of the assessment of agrotechnical performance of the seeder shows that the values of the unevenness of sowing between devices and the instability of total sowing (in the coefficients of variations, %) meet agrotechnical requirements. It was revealed that the seeder allows for smooth adjustment, reduces time, and increases the range of seeding rate and dosing of seeding material. The obtained data confirm the effectiveness of the seeder for differentiated dosing of seeding material in precision agriculture.

В данной статье раскрыто влияние основных показателей качества и параметров углеводородного состава топлива на мощностные показатели двигателей грузовых автомобилей, применяемых в сельском хозяйстве на транспортных работах. Также более подробно отражена возможность повышения качества топлива и улучшение мощностных показателей работы двигателя ЗМЗ-511 путем использования присадки метил-трет-бутилового эфира. Проведены лабораторные исследования по определению параметров углеводородного состава образцов бензина, взятых на различных АЗС города Костанай. Определены параметры исследуемых образцов бензина АИ-92 и АИ-92 с присадкой МТБЭ, в частности основные показатели качества содержания водорастворимых кислот и щелочей, плотности, фракционного состава и октанового числа. Установлено, что все исследуемые показатели соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ. Проведены исследовательские испытания двигателя ЗМЗ-511 на стенде FWC-2 для обкатки и испытания двигателей. Установлено, что при работе на смеси бензина АИ-92 с присадкой МТБЭ с ростом частоты вращения коленвала крутящий момент двигателя возрастает, соответственно увеличивается и мощность двигателя, различие может составить до 2-3%. Сделан вывод, что смесь топлива с присадкой МТБЭ  будет иметь положительный эффект для эксплуатации грузовых автомобилей с данным двигателем.

The article examines the influence of the layout scheme of sowing complexes on their productivity and soil condition. The layout of the unit affects parameters such as weight, soil pressure and energy indicators, which directly affects the efficiency of using agricultural machinery. The authors study three options for the layout of a machine-tractor unit: a tractor with a hopper and a tillage tool in different configurations. The study found that placing the hopper in front of the tractor reduces the traction resistance of the complex, thereby improving its energy efficiency. Different layout schemes have different effects on soil density and hardness, which affects crop yields. The main conclusion of the study is that the optimal layout reduces the anthropogenic impact on the soil, while providing higher yields. As a result of the analysis, rational schemes are proposed that can help farmers maintain the soil structure and increase field productivity. This research is useful for developing more efficient layouts of agricultural aggregates, allowing for sustainable farming and preserving soil fertility for a long time. Also, the proposed solutions can reduce the cost of equipment and its maintenance

In modern agriculture, tractor-transport aggregates (TTA) with power-driven of transport wheels of trailers represents a promising solution for enhanced off-road mobility. However, the scientific focus and widespread use remain limited due to insufficient understanding of the operational performances of power-driven trailer wheels. The purpose of the work is to enhance the off-road mobility of tractor-transport aggregates (TTA) during transportation of agricultural goods. This article presents the results of work on the development of a field facility-trailer with power-driven wheels form the tractor’s PTO for experimental research. The development of design documentation for the manufacture of a field facility-trailer was carriedout in accordance with the technical requirements and Unified System for Design Documentation standards. The COMPASS-3D software was used for designing and constructing. A kinematic scheme of the wheel drive mechanism powered from the tractor’s PTO is proposed. An analytical expression for determining the rotational speed of power-driven wheels is obtained.Based on this expression, the dependences of the wheel rotation speed on the coefficient of kinematic mode of operation and forward travel speed of thefacility-trailer are obtained. Based on the research results, a formula has been proposed for selecting the optimal rotation speed, taking into account the adjustable gear ratio using a set of sprockets of the drive mechanism. Thus, the developed field facility-trailer serves as the foundation for conducting experiments to substantiate the parameters and operating modes of power-driven wheels, which will ensure an enhance off-road mobility of the TTA with minimal energy consumption, therefore, the efficiency of the TTA will increase

Results of investigations of rotation working organs of tools for autumn shallow soil cultivation are given. Their improvement allows to rise the quality of weed seeds embedding into the soil and to increase the weed control efficiency.