The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a disorder affecting glomerular function that, histologically, is due to the presence of glomerulosclerosis accompanied with endothelial dysfunction of the afferent and efferent renal arterioles. Insulin resistance in diabetic patients is known to be one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction because it increases oxidative stress, and one of the main genes regulating the production pathways of reactive oxygen species is p66Shc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p66Shc gene expression as a precocious biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients, using liquids samples of urine sediment and peripheral blood. Methods: 29 diabetic patients and 37 healthy donors were recruited from the Centro Universitário FMABC outpatient clinic. The RT-gPCR technique was applied to evaluate p66Shc gene expression in urine and peripheral blood samples from diabetic patients, which were compared with healthy donors. Results: There was no significant expression of p66Shc gene in samples from diabetic patients compared with healthy donors. However, p66Shc expression in the blood samples of diabetics (0.02417±0.078652-ΔCT, n=29) was 3.6 times higher than in healthy participants (0.00689±0.01758, n=37) while in the urine samples, it was 1.48 times higher in diabetics group (0.02761±0.05412-ΔCT) than in CTL group (0.0186±0.02199). Conclusion: There was no significant p66Shc gene expression in peripheral blood and urine samples of diabetic patients without kidney injury compared with healthy donors, although there is a tendency for this gene to participate in the oxidative imbalance present in diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with prospects for an increase worldwide, therefore, researches are developed to understand its metabolic implications, as well as the early signaling of the onset of the disease and possible complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profile in the genes Mct1, Mct4, Cd147, Hif-1α and Vegffor different biological matrices in rats induced to diabetes in the determined periods of: 7, 21, 30 and 40 days. Wistar rats (160-180g, n=68), divided into shamand diabetic groups evaluated according to tissue samples from the heart, brain and kidney, blood samples; being studied in classical biochemical analysis and in the determination of intergroup differential gene expression, temporally, by qPCR. The main alterations were observed in the renal tissues - decrease in the expression of Hif-1α (21x30 days) and Vegf (21x40 days), and in the brain - with significant alterations in the evaluated genes, comparing the early group (7 days) and late groups (30 and 40 days). Thus, we observed that the evaluated genes are related to metabolic changes that, over time, corroborate the worsening of diabetes and the installation of secondary diseases, directly and/or indirectly related to the evaluated tissues.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with a rising global prevalence. Research focuses on understanding its metabolic implications and early signaling of disease onset and complications, particularly the interconnected effects on the kidneys and brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profile in the genes Mct1, Mct4, Cd147, Hif-1α and Vegf for different biological matrices in rats induced to diabetes in the determined periods of 7, 21, 30 and 40 days. Methods: Wistar rats (160–180g, n = 68), divided into sham and diabetic groups, were evaluated according to tissue samples from the brain and kidney, using classical biochemical analyses and assessing temporal intergroup differential gene expression by qPCR. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on kidney samples to evaluate collagen deposition. In the renal tissues, we observed a decrease in the expression of Hif-1α (21 vs. 30 days) and Vegf (21 vs. 40 days), accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition. In the brain, alterations were observed in all evaluated genes when comparing the early group (7 days) to the later groups (30 and 40 days). We observed that the evaluated genes, as well as the collagen deposition analyzed by immunohistochemistry, are related to metabolic changes that, over time, contribute to the worsening of diabetes and the progression of secondary diseases directly and/or indirectly involving the studied tissues.