Introduction: In 2020, ~800 women died daily worldwide from preventable pregnancy-related causes, though Saudi Arabia’s maternal mortality is relatively low. In Saudi society, consanguinity and early marriage may increase pregnancy risks. Research indicates improved institutional delivery when women know the danger signs. This study in Al-Ahsa investigates pregnant women’s awareness, emphasizing early detection for effective obstetric care. WHO underscores this critical need. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, using convenience sampling. Participants were interviewed via structured questionnaires addressing demographics, comorbidities, and obstetric danger signs. The data is processed in Excel and examined with IBM SPSS 29.0.0 Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were assessed. Most were aged 25–34 years (175, 43.8%), with 186 (46.5%) in the third trimester, and 324 (81.0%) reporting no underlying medical conditions. Nevertheless, 102 (25.5%) experienced serious health problems, most commonly vaginal bleeding (24, 32.4%). While 380 (95.0%) attended antenatal clinics regularly, 286 (71.5%) did not seek help for severe symptoms. Age (>40 vs. 18–24, p<0.001), gravidity (p=0.002), and parity (p=0.002) correlated with higher knowledge scores. Women with comorbidities (4.41 ± 2.12, p0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that older age, higher gravidity, parity, and the presence of comorbidities significantly enhance obstetric danger sign awareness. Despite high antenatal attendance, gaps remain among younger and healthier women. Targeted interventions are necessary to bolster education and encourage prompt care-seeking behaviors. Research should explore cultural norms impacting knowledge.KEYWORDS: Saw palmetto, beta-sitosterol, pygeum africanum, phytotherapy, benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH 2.

Background/Objectives: Diverticular disease (DD) affects a significant portion of the aging population and is increasingly linked to gut microbiota alterations. Probiotics have emerged as a potential adjunct therapy, particularly in managing symptoms and inflammation. The evidence for the recommended use of probiotics in clinical practice for management of diverticular disease is still a matter of controversy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five major databases up to October 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies assessing probiotic use in adult patients with diverticular disease. Results: Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Probiotic therapy was associated with improvement in abdominal pain (SMD 0.63; 95% CI: 0.38–0.88). For bloating, probiotics demonstrated a small trend toward improvement (SMD 0.158; 95% CI: −0.107 to 0.422), although this did not reach statistical significance. C-reactive protein (CRP) outcomes were reported in three studies conducted in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. All showed reductions in CRP following probiotic therapy; however, substantial variability in baseline levels and assessment timepoints prevented a reliable pooled estimate, and findings were summarized descriptively. Long-term outcomes from two RCTs showed a reduced risk of recurrence (RR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.095–0.510), with multi-strain and longer-duration regimens appearing more beneficial. Conclusions: Probiotics, particularly multi strain formulations administered over longer durations, may help improve symptoms and reduce inflammatory activity in diverticular disease; however, the certainty of evidence remains low to very low due to heterogeneity and methodological limitations. Larger, high-quality randomized trials are needed to clarify the long-term clinical impact of probiotic therapy.

Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) at admission to the emergency department is associated with severe bleeding, massive transfusion, increased morbidity, and mortality. There are significant regional variations in the accessibility and acceptance of point-of-care technology, such as viscoelastic hemostatic testing (VET), for coagulation monitoring and bleeding management in the Arabian Gulf council countries (GCC). Notable regional differences among these countries are mainly due to variation in the awareness of the benefits of VET-guided bleeding management using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) or thromboelastography (TEG), compared with a transfusion ratio-based approach using shock packs, rather than for economic reasons. This review highlights the superiority of VET-guided bleeding management in severe trauma over conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) for early TIC detection and the importance of monitoring hemostatic disorders, whether hypocoagulability or hypercoagulability. VET consistently outperforms traditional coagulation tests in detecting early coagulation abnormalities and predicting massive transfusion and mortality in major trauma. Besides hyperfibrinolysis, fibrinogen deficiency often represents the first issue in TIC. Recent meta-analyses consistently demonstrated a reduction in mortality by implementing VET-guided bleeding management algorithms in severe trauma. Several studies demonstrated that VETs are valuable tools for massive transfusion and mortality prediction in bleeding patients with severe trauma. There is a notable variation in VET adoption and practice across trauma settings in the Arab Gulf. GCC-specific primary evidence is limited, with the Qatar cohort representing the largest directly identified regional study.