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Yuan Liu
Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Grorge Reservoir Region

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Preprint content
Published: 02 June 2021
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Aims The mechanism by which species diversity drives productivity in different ecosystems is controversial, possibly due to the confounding effects of key environmental variables. Karst ecosystems are fragile and are at great risk of species loss. In these ecosystems, soil depth is a key driver of community diversity and productivity. However, the influence of soil depth on the relationship between species diversity and productivity in karst ecosystems remains unclear.Methods We established artificial karst herbaceous communities with different soil depths and species richness levels and determined how two biodiversity effects—complementarity effect (effect of positive interactions among species) and selection effect (effect due to dominance of productive species)—contributed to productivity.Results Soil depth, species diversity, and different species combinations were significant predictors of productivity. Species diversity significantly positively affected productivity at all three soil depths, with the effect size of species diversity being the greatest in medium-depth soil. Net diversity effects were greater than 0 in all multi-species communities, indicating that complementarity and selection effects both positively influenced productivity. However, complementarity effect had a greater contribution to productivity than selection effect in all multi-species communities. Furthermore, the contribution of complementarity effect increased with increasing soil depth, while that of selection effect decreased.Conclusions Soil depth influences the relationship between species diversity and productivity in karst herbaceous communities. Furthermore, complementarity effect is the major mechanism by which diversity increases community productivity, particularly in shallow soil. Therefore, environmental variables should be seriously considered when studying the relationship between species diversity and function in other ecosystems.

ACS Style

Yuan Liu; XuLi Ren; Qixiao Zhang; Qiaoyu Li; Chunyan She; Haiyan Song; Jinchun Liu; Jianping Tao. Soil depth alters the consequences of species diversity for productivity in an experimental karst herbaceous community. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Yuan Liu, XuLi Ren, Qixiao Zhang, Qiaoyu Li, Chunyan She, Haiyan Song, Jinchun Liu, Jianping Tao. Soil depth alters the consequences of species diversity for productivity in an experimental karst herbaceous community. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan Liu; XuLi Ren; Qixiao Zhang; Qiaoyu Li; Chunyan She; Haiyan Song; Jinchun Liu; Jianping Tao. 2021. "Soil depth alters the consequences of species diversity for productivity in an experimental karst herbaceous community." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 05 April 2021
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Resource availability and heterogeneity are recognized as two essential environmental aspects to determine species diversity and community abundance. However, how resource availability and heterogeneity determine species diversity and community abundance in highly heterogeneous and most fragile karst landscapes is largely unknown. We examined the effects of resource availability and heterogeneity on plant community composition and quantified their relative contribution by variation partitioning. Then, a structural equation model (SEM) was used to further disentangle the multiple direct and indirect effects of resource availability on plant community composition. Species diversity was significantly influenced by the resource availability in shrubland and woodland but not by the heterogeneity in woodland. Abundance was significantly affected by both resource availability and heterogeneity, whereas variation partitioning results showed that resource availability explained the majority of the variance in abundance, and the contribution of resource heterogeneity was marginal. These results indicated that resource availability plays a more important role in determining karst plant community composition than resource heterogeneity. Our SEMs further found that the multiple direct and indirect processes of resource availability in determining karst species diversity and abundance were different in different vegetation types. Resource availability and heterogeneity both played a certain role in determining karst plant community composition, while the importance of resource availability far exceeded resource heterogeneity. We propose that steering community restoration and reconstruction should be highly dependent on resource availability, and multiple direct and indirect pathways of resource availability for structuring karst plant communities need to be taken into account.

ACS Style

Yuan Liu; Wenchao Qi; Danni He; Yunrong Xiang; Jin Chun Liu; Huimin Huang; Miao Chen; Jian Tao. Resource availability is much more important than resource heterogeneity in determining the species diversity and abundance of karst plant communities. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Yuan Liu, Wenchao Qi, Danni He, Yunrong Xiang, Jin Chun Liu, Huimin Huang, Miao Chen, Jian Tao. Resource availability is much more important than resource heterogeneity in determining the species diversity and abundance of karst plant communities. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan Liu; Wenchao Qi; Danni He; Yunrong Xiang; Jin Chun Liu; Huimin Huang; Miao Chen; Jian Tao. 2021. "Resource availability is much more important than resource heterogeneity in determining the species diversity and abundance of karst plant communities." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Intense industrial activities could result in massive accumulations of trace elements in the soil and risk the terrestrial ecosystems and human health. A total of 119 topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Huinong District, Ningxia, Northwest China, were collected, and the contents of six trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were lower than the national standard values of class II, while As and Cd were 2.77 and 3.92 times the corresponding threshold values. Multivariate analyses revealed six metals can be categorized into three principal components (PC). PC1 was As, Cd, and Pb, which originated from anthropogenic inputs. PC2 consisted of Cr and Cu, which originated from the natural geological background. PC3 only included Zn and was mainly due to agricultural impacts. The spatial distribution of six metals greatly varied from local anthropic inputs. For As and Cd, the most heavily polluted area was located in the north and southwest parts of the study area, whereas most Zn was enriched in the southern part, which was mainly agricultural land. The topsoil in this area displayed a moderate environmental risk with the metal pollution order of Cd > As > Zn ≈ Cr ≈ Pb ≈ Cu. Moreover, the contents of trace elements in the industrial land and water were relatively higher than those in other land-use types, indicating a considerable risk of metal migration and accumulation to rivers and the groundwater. It is suggested that effective remediation measures for Cd and As, in particular, should be properly employed for the sustainable development of the soil and groundwater, while reducing the risk of elements to the local residents in Huinong District.

ACS Style

Songlin Zhang; Yuan Liu; Yujing Yang; Xilu Ni; Muhammad Arif; Wokadala Charles; Changxiao Li. Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1868 .

AMA Style

Songlin Zhang, Yuan Liu, Yujing Yang, Xilu Ni, Muhammad Arif, Wokadala Charles, Changxiao Li. Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Songlin Zhang; Yuan Liu; Yujing Yang; Xilu Ni; Muhammad Arif; Wokadala Charles; Changxiao Li. 2020. "Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1868.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2018 in Sustainability
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Various industrial activities contribute heavy metals to terrestrial ecosystems. In order to evaluate the soil quality of industrial areas and to identify the potential phytoremediator from the native plant species, we collected 45 surface soil samples and 21 plant species in a typical industrial area of northwestern China. The results showed that the average values of the Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soils were 36.91, 1.67, 7.20, 1.38, 1.27, and 6.66 times, respectively, compared with the corresponding background values. The average single factor pollution index for heavy metals decreased in the order of Cd > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb. The study area was seriously polluted by Cd and As, slightly polluted by Zn, and had relatively little contamination by Cr, Pb, and Cu. In terms of the average Nemerow synthetic pollution index in every sampling site, 97.78% of the samples were seriously polluted and 2.22% of the samples were moderately polluted, which indicated that almost all of the samples in the industrial area were seriously polluted. The results of the biomass, heavy metal concentrations, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and translocation factors (TF) for the native plants showed that Achnatherum splendens for metal Cr presented a phytostabilization potential, Artemisia scoparia and Echinochloa crusgalli for metal Cu and Halogeton arachnoideus for metal Zn presented a phytoextraction potential, and all of the studied plants were limited as phytoremediators for Cd or Pb contaminated soil.

ACS Style

Yuan Liu; Yujing Yang; Changxiao Li; Xilu Ni; Wenchao Ma; Hong Wei. Assessing Soil Metal Levels in an Industrial Environment of Northwestern China and the Phytoremediation Potential of Its Native Plants. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2686 .

AMA Style

Yuan Liu, Yujing Yang, Changxiao Li, Xilu Ni, Wenchao Ma, Hong Wei. Assessing Soil Metal Levels in an Industrial Environment of Northwestern China and the Phytoremediation Potential of Its Native Plants. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan Liu; Yujing Yang; Changxiao Li; Xilu Ni; Wenchao Ma; Hong Wei. 2018. "Assessing Soil Metal Levels in an Industrial Environment of Northwestern China and the Phytoremediation Potential of Its Native Plants." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2686.