Apigenin is a plant-derived compound belonging to the flavone class, which possess antioxidant, free-radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. To address the effects of apigenin on serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, tissue oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury. Animal experiment. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four sections: Sham operation (group 1), ischemia/reperfusion plus saline (group 2), ischemia/reperfusion plus dimethyl sulfoxide (group 3) and ischemia/reperfusion plus apigenin (group 4). In all ischemia/reperfusion groups, a bilateral adnexal 3-h period of ischemia was performed, followed by 3-h of reperfusion. A single dose of 15 mg/kg apigenin was given intraperitoneally 60 min before reperfusion in group 4. After 3-h of reperfusion, both ovaries were removed, and blood samples were collected. The main outcome measures were serum anti-mullerian hormone levels, ovarian tissue malondialdehyde, total nitric oxide, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels and histopathological damage scores. The ovarian tissue nitric oxide level was significantly lower, and the glutathione level was significantly higher in group 4 compared with groups 2 and 3. There was no significant difference in anti-mullerian hormone levels among the three ischemia/reperfusion groups. The histopathological damage score was lower in group 4 than in groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). Administration of apigenin has no significant protective effect on ovarian reserve and tissue damage in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Surgical excision of advanced endometriosis has been demonstrated to improve women’s pain symptoms and quality of life in women in randomized placebo-controlled trials, but there is no strong evidence regarding the live birth rate. The revised American Fertility Society (r-AFS) classification for endometriosis has a limited predictive ability for fertility outcomes after surgery; therefore, EFI scoring has been advised for predicting conception after endometriosis surgery. No randomized controlled trials have investigated fertility outcomes in patients with advanced endometriosis after surgery. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or non-IVF treatments after conservative surgery for advanced endometriosis in patients with good prognosis Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) scores (>3). This prospective cohort study was conducted between April 2014 and April 2019 at a tertiary research hospital. In total, 113 women with suspected preoperative advanced endometriosis were enrolled in this study. A total of 90 women with advanced endometriosis underwent laparoscopic surgery. Fourteen patients with EFI score of ≤3 and 3 of them who had bilateral tubal occlusion were also excluded. Seventy-three women were included in this study. The remaining 30 women in the non-IVF group and 32 women in the IVF group were analyzed. The main outcome measures were cumulative pregnancy rates and live birth rates in both groups. Women who underwent IVF treatment were older than women (30 ± 3.41) who had non-IVF treatment (26.5 ± 3.07) after laparoscopic surgery (P < .001). The remaining baseline characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar. Clinical pregnancy, abortion, and live birth rates were similar in both the groups after 36 months of follow-up. This study demonstrated that cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates were similar to those of non-IVF or IVF treatments after conservative surgery for advanced endometriosis, if patients had good prognosis EFI scores. Furthermore, non-IVF treatments resulted in nearly the same clinical pregnancy results as IVF treatment within 1 year after surgery.