Soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios are significant parameters for Eragrostis minor Host sustainability in a recent climate change scenario. However, their characteristics in Northwestern China are still unclear, particularly at Gansu belt, and require further investigation. In the study, we analyzed soil pH, organic matter (OM), nutrients, and stoichiometric ratios from eight E. minor distribution sites in Gansu Province at 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths. Results showed that soils were alkaline, with pH increasing significantly with depth (p < 0.05). The soil OM, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) decreased with depth, showing topsoil nutrient enrichment. Baiyin Huining (HN) and Dingxi Anding (AD) exhibited the highest nutrient levels, likely due to higher altitudes. The soil stoichiometric ratios were lower than both China’s depth-averaged values and the global averages, indicating N as the primary limiting factor. Further, correlation analysis showed that the soil nutrients were mainly affected by altitude, and N chiefly limited the soil stoichiometric ratios. Therefore, E. minor can be managed and conserved sustainably at HN and AD sites in Gansu’s dry temperate ecosystem. These findings offer theoretical support for ecological adaptability assessment, conservation of germplasm resources, and E. minor utilization in Gansu province, China.