COVID-19 e a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em um panorama geral/ COVID-19 and infection by SARS-CoV-2 in an overview

The Brazilian green propolis is produced by Apis mellifera from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Kaempferide, which was isolated from green propolis and B. dracunculifolia is an O-methylated flavonol bearing gastroprotective, anti-allergic and anti-hypertensive activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials of kaempferide, as well as its possible toxicological effect on kidney and liver. For that, nociception was assessed by thermal (hargreaves apparatus) and mechanical (Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer) sensitivities; anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by carrageenan induced edema; and the toxicological profile was assessed by blood biochemical assessment. Kaempferide significantly reduced mechanical nociception and displayed anti-inflammatory effect, which was evidenced by the reduction of the volume of the paw edema, as well as by the reduction of infiltrates, cellularity and area of the injured tissue. On the other hand, it was inactive in the thermal nociception protocol either with or without an inflammatory process, as well as it was inactive in the mechanical nociception protocol after an inflammatory process. In addition, central nervous system depression, liver and kidney toxicities were not observed.

The use of chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, is often associated with severe adverse effects, making it essential to develop therapeutic strategies that can attenuate or reduce their toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 in mitigating the damage induced by doxorubicin. Rabbits received doxorubicin (1 mg/kg, twice weekly for six weeks) with or without omega-3 (500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg), administered concomitantly. An additional group received omega-3 alone (2000 mg/kg). Hematological, biochemical, genotoxic (micronucleus assay), cardiological (electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and markers), and histopathological parameters were assessed. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com doxorrubicina isolada induziu caquexia nos animais. O tratamento com ômega-3 melhora parâmetros como ganho de peso, fração de ejeção cardíaca, encurtamento sistólico ventricular, marcadores cardíacos CK-MB e Troponina I, área do ventrículo esquerdo e parâmetros histopatológicos (inflamação, edema, dano celular e fibras musculares), sugerindo um efeito protetor. Além disso, o ômega-3 exibiu atividade antigenotóxica, evidenciada pela redução de micronúcleos. Esses achados indicam que o ômega-3 pode servir como um complemento eficaz à quimioterapia, reduzindo a toxicidade da doxorrubicina.